The use of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes can result in a cure rate of 60% in children and 30% to 50% in patients under 60 years of age who receive sibling donor bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy. 1. Myelodysplastic syndrome is a refractory disease, and patients are often endangered by infection and bleeding. In general, the cure rate is relatively low, through allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only possible way to completely cure this disease, but the bone marrow matching is difficult and costly, only a small portion of the population can be applied. 2. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice for children with progressive myelodysplastic syndromes, with a cure rate of about 60%. sibling-donor bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy can be given to patients under 60 years of age, with a cure rate of 30% to 50%. Specific drugs include decitabine, azacitidine, and cytarabine. If the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome is confirmed, early and standardized treatment under the guidance of a physician is recommended to minimize the adverse effects of the disease.