Arthritis is a common disease in the middle-aged and elderly population, with joint pain, inflexibility and joint deformation as the main manifestations. A number of patients hear that they have arthritis and ask if they should have surgery. This cannot be generalized and the most appropriate treatment needs to be chosen based on the condition. Arthritis can occur in all joints of the body, and in the extremities, it is commonly found in the hip, knee, and finger joints. The knee joint is the largest and heaviest weight-bearing joint in the body, and is also the joint most prone to arthritis. Treatment of knee arthritis likewise requires rational treatment, reasonable treatment, aggressive treatment and selection of the best treatment plan according to the condition. In the early stage of the disease, knee pain, aggravated when going up and down stairs, can be reduced by flat road; knee X-ray examination, mild narrowing of the joint space, mild peri-articular osteophytes, this is the time to choose non-surgical treatment. These include (1) lifestyle interventions: weight reduction, warmth and avoidance of joint damaging exercises; (2) oral anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving drugs, such as celecoxib and diclofenac enteric tablets; (3) intra-articular injections, such as sodium vitaminate injection (Spironol or Argi), etc. When the disease progresses and treatment with lifestyle changes and medication does not work, surgery needs to be considered. The surgical option is arthroscopic treatment of the knee, external or internal osteotomy, local cartilage grafting, etc. can also be considered. If the disease is advanced and the joint continues to be painful and deformed, the joint space is lost on X-ray, and the quality of life is seriously affected, then knee replacement surgery should be considered, either unicondylar if the joint is unicompartmental, or total knee surface replacement surgery if the joint is total. This can be done to relieve pain, correct deformity, and improve joint mobility.