S. pneumoniae is a prokaryotic organism, also known as Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is a Gram-positive diplococcus with a round shape, without budding spores and flagella, and forms a pseudomembrane in the body. S. pneumoniae usually accumulates in the nasopharynx or oropharynx of normal people and normally does not cause disease, but may become pathogenic if exposed to cold, rain, or decreased resistance. Pathogenic S. pneumoniae can cause lobar pneumonia, pleurisy, peritonitis, and even sepsis in severe cases. When lobar pneumonia and pleurisy occur, they are often accompanied by high fever, chest pain and cough, and when peritonitis occurs, high fever can also occur, along with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Antibiotic drugs are preferred for treatment, such as penicillin, amoxicillin clavulanic acid potassium, meloxicillin, sulbactam and other drugs for anti-infective treatment. In recent years, the number of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae is increasing, so cephalosporins have also become commonly used in clinical practice for treatment, such as cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. Among the common pathogenic microorganisms, only fungi are eukaryotes, and eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane envelope, while prokaryotes have a cell wall except for mycoplasma, and the above distinction can be made between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.