Measures to promote effective sputum expulsion in Pneumocystis carinii include turning over and knocking on the back, medication and sputum suction. 1. Turning over and knocking on the back: Pneumatitis is common in long-term bedridden patients. Since the patients cannot move independently, family members can help the patients to turn over and knock on the back every 2 hours to shake the sputum adhering to the trachea and bronchi to facilitate its discharge. 2. Medication: Amphetamine plus saline nebulization can be used to promote phlegm expulsion. Or, oral medication can be taken to dissolve phlegm, such as carbocysteine. 3. Sputum aspiration: if the patient is difficult to cough up sputum, it can also be assisted by sputum aspirator. In addition to the above, effective sputum expectoration measures to promote the development of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia also include bronchoscopy-assisted sputum aspiration. If the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is confirmed, early and standardized treatment is recommended to minimize the adverse effects of the disease. All of the above medications should be used under the supervision of a doctor, and avoid self-medication.