Nutcracker syndrome, also known as left renal vein compression syndrome, is a series of clinical syndromes that occur when the left renal vein is mechanically compressed at the angle between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, or at the gap between the abdominal aorta and the spine, resulting in an obstruction of the return of the left renal vein, which causes an increase in the intravesical pressure in the left kidney, ureters, and genitourinary veins. Clinical manifestations of Nutcracker syndrome include hematuria, abdominal or costal pain, erectile proteinuria, chronic fatigue syndrome, varicose veins of the genitals, and erectile dysfunction. The diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory and imaging tests. The treatment options for this disease are conservative, surgical and interventional. If diagnosed with this disease, it is recommended to seek medical treatment as early as possible and standardize the treatment under the guidance of a professional physician.