Perianal abscess is the result of acute infection of the soft tissue around the anal canal and rectum. The general symptoms are first a small hard lump or mass around the anus, followed by sudden severe pain, redness, swelling, heat, swelling, discomfort, restlessness, sleeplessness, increased body temperature, fatigue, loss of appetite, and poor bowel movement. Deep abscesses can also cause pain in the perineum and sacrococcygeal area, fever and chills, and other symptoms of systemic toxicity. Generally, abscesses can be formed in a week or so, and fluctuating soft pus cavities can be palpated during perianal rectal palpation, and pus can be extracted by syringe puncture. At this time, the pain will be relieved or disappear, the body temperature will drop and the systemic symptoms will improve after the pus is drained by incision, or broken by itself. However, the abscessed wound does not heal or recurs after temporary healing, forming an anal fistula. Treatment principles: (1) Once an abscess is formed, make an incision to drain the abscess in time to avoid spreading the abscess to deeper and surrounding tissues. (2) The incision should be large so that the drainage is smooth and no dead space is left to prevent recurrence. (3) For low-level abscesses below the levator muscle, we should strive to find the primary internal opening and completely eradicate it at one time to avoid the formation of anal fistula and re-operation. (4) For high abscesses and complex abscesses, they should not be easily incised at once to prevent damage to anal function and fecal incontinence, and it is better to wait for the second operation after the condition is stabilized.