With the arrival of spring and allergy season, another peak period of childhood asthma will also be ushered in. Epidemiological surveys show that the incidence of asthma in China continues to increase, and now the prevalence of asthma in children under 14 years old in Nanjing is about 3-4%. The treatment of asthma is valuable to adhere to and must be standardized, but there are still many misconceptions among parents about the diagnosis and treatment of asthma in children. First of all, asthma treatment must be preceded by a clear diagnosis. Many parents of sick children with recurrent wheezing do not realize that their children may be asthmatic or are often reluctant to admit that they are asthmatic, thus delaying the valuable opportunity for early diagnosis and early treatment. For children with recurrent coughing and wheezing, it is best to choose to visit a respiratory specialist clinic in a regular hospital for a clear diagnosis. Secondly, many parents also have many misconceptions about hormone therapy, worrying about the impact of prolonged use of hormone drugs on the growth and development of their children. Some parents are even resistant to doctors prescribing hormones. At present, the international asthma community unanimously recognizes that inhaled hormone is the most effective drug for controlling recurrent asthma attacks and is the drug of choice for long-term control of asthma in children of all age groups. Inhaled medications can reach the target cells in the airways and have a rapid onset of action with little systemic absorption. Numerous long-term clinical studies have shown that low-dose inhaled hormone therapy has no inhibitory effect on the growth and development of children. Third, regular follow-up visits to the hospital should be emphasized, preferably once every three months, and the medication should be reasonably reduced and stopped under the guidance of the doctor. Some parents stop their children’s medication when the symptoms are reduced, which can easily lead to a relapse of cough and asthma. Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways, and inhaled hormones should be slowly reduced only after 3-6 months of symptom control, until the lowest dose is maintained for at least one year without recurrence of symptoms and normal lung function before stopping the medication. During the period of inhaled hormone therapy, parents should cooperate to keep a good asthma diary and monitor the peak flow rate well to provide a reference basis for the next step of treatment. Fourth, the treatment of combined diseases should be emphasized, especially the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children. Some parents attach importance to asthma, but not to rhinitis. In fact, allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis belong to the “same airway, same disease”, and allergic rhinitis can also trigger an asthma attack. Fifth, pay attention to “hidden asthma”, that is, cough variant asthma. What is cough variant asthma? This is a specific type of asthma in which coughing is the only symptom. The cough is persistent or recurrent for more than a month, and is often worse at night, early in the morning, or after activity, with no clinical signs of infection or ineffective antibiotic therapy and effective bronchodilator therapy. Children often have a personal history of allergies i.e. with eczema, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, etc. A family history of allergies can also be detected. Asthma in children is easily confused with bronchitis. If a child has a recurrent cough that is not relieved by symptomatic or antibiotic treatment, and if the child is allergic, then parents should consider that this may not be a common inflammatory condition, but may be related to allergies. In addition, parents must observe in subtle ways whether the child is prone to an irritating dry cough after exercise or inhalation of cold air; whether the child repeatedly has dyspnea with wheezing sounds, mainly at night. If parents are unable to identify the cause, they must take their child to the doctor promptly and not use drugs without permission, so as not to aggravate the condition with improper medication.