Barrett’s esophagus is more serious if it progresses to the extent that the esophageal mucosa is accompanied by severe heterogeneous hyperplasia or even early esophageal cancer. Barrett’s esophagus has the tendency of malignant transformation into adenocarcinoma. If gastroscopy reveals that the esophageal mucosal lesions have progressed to the level of heterogeneous hyperplasia or early esophageal cancer, timely treatment is needed, and the progression to the middle and late stages can be life-threatening. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with Barrett’s esophagus have regular follow-up examinations to help detect heterogeneous hyperplasia and early esophageal cancer. If severe heterogeneous hyperplasia or early esophageal cancer is detected, endoscopic or surgical treatment can be performed under the guidance of specialized physicians. Patients with Barrett’s esophagus should seek prompt medical attention, receive early treatment under the guidance of a medical professional, and undergo regular follow-up to avoid progression of the condition.