Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis is an acute infection that requires immediate treatment at a peritoneal dialysis center upon diagnosis. Delayed treatment or unreasonable medication may result in technical failure of the patient’s peritoneal dialysis treatment. Patients should retain the first bag of cloudy peritoneal fluid at the time of abdominal symptoms and bring it to the hospital for bacterial culture to facilitate diagnosis. The main drugs used in the treatment of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis are antibiotics and heparin sodium. Application of antibiotics: Usually, the peritoneal dialysis physician empirically selects antibiotics for treatment based on the common causative organisms in each peritoneal dialysis center (usually a combination of cephalosporin I and cephalosporin III), and then adjusts the treatment based on the sensitivity of the bacteria to the drug after obtaining the culture results. The duration of antibiotic therapy for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis is usually 2 weeks, or 3 weeks if the patient has an Aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Enterococcus infection. Antibiotics are usually administered intraperitoneally, or intravenously if there are severe systemic symptoms in combination. Application of sodium heparin: In peritonitis, because of the large amount of fibrous and protein exudate in the peritoneal cavity, clots can form and block the small holes of the peritoneal dialysis catheter. In addition, the addition of sodium heparin to the peritoneal dialysis fluid reduces the chance of bacterial adhesion to the walls of the peritoneal dialysis catheter and reduces the recurrence of peritonitis. Role of peritoneal flushing: Patients may have severe abdominal pain after the occurrence of peritonitis. Flushing the peritoneal cavity with 1-3 bags of 1.5% peritoneal dialysis fluid can help to reduce abdominal pain and clean the abdominal cavity. Pull out the peritoneal dialysis catheter: If the signs and symptoms of peritonitis and the test index of peritoneal dialysis fluid do not improve after 5 days of treatment with sensitive antibiotics, consider refractory peritonitis or recurrent peritonitis, or the causative organism of peritonitis is fungus or mycobacterium tuberculosis. The peritoneal dialysis catheter should be placed again after the peritonitis is cured.