The hazards of postoperative abdominal adhesions include direct and indirect hazards. The direct risks include acute intestinal obstruction, chronic abdominal pain and infertility, which are secondary diseases directly caused by abdominal adhesions. Indirect hazards include difficulties in subsequent surgery due to abdominal adhesions, including difficulties in resection, prolonged operative time, and increased risk of intraoperative or postoperative complications. Acute intestinal obstruction is the most common complication of abdominal adhesions. Postoperative chronic abdominal pain caused by adhesions is likewise one of its immediate hazards, but there has been controversy in the clinical management of adhesional chronic abdominal pain. First, there is a lack of clear definition and diagnostic criteria for adhesional chronic abdominal pain itself; second, the issue has been avoided in most studies, so the exact incidence of this complication is still unclear. Some studies suggest that laparoscopy can help determine the etiology of chronic abdominal pain, while adhesiolysis can be performed for therapeutic purposes. However, opponents argue that adhesiolysis itself may lead to the formation of new adhesions and that there are other risks such as blood loss and damage to the intestine. In addition, most chronic abdominal pain is prone to recurrence. Therefore, there is a lack of clinical evidence to support the benefit of extensive adhesion release in patients with chronic abdominal pain with extensive abdominal adhesions. The indirect effect of abdominal adhesions is mainly reflected in their impact on subsequent surgery. Clinical studies have demonstrated that abdominal adhesions lead to significantly longer operative times in both open and laparoscopic procedures. In addition, abdominal adhesions increase the likelihood of intraoperative bowel injury during subsequent surgery, thereby increasing the risk of postoperative complications. Risk factors associated with intestinal injury include the number of previous surgeries and obesity. It is important to note that laparoscopic adhesion release surgery may significantly increase the risk of bowel injury. So, what can be done to prevent the formation of postoperative abdominal adhesions? For more than 100 years, hundreds of strategies and tools have been reported in the literature for the prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions, which can be broadly classified into the following 6 categories: solid barriers, liquid or colloidal barriers, surgical principles, cytotechnology, pharmacological prophylaxis, and combined protocols. Barrier methods and minimally invasive principles of surgery are the main ones currently widely used in clinical work, but no method or means has become a standard protocol for adhesion prevention. The mechanism of action of barrier-type anti-adhesion products is mainly through the hydration floating effect or barrier effect to achieve physical isolation between adjacent peritoneum and thus prevent adhesions from arising. Solid barriers, which prevent the formation of adhesions mainly through physical barrier effects, are the main product category used in clinical practice and have the most definite efficacy. The advantage is that it creates a physical barrier between the peritoneum and the kinetic parameters of resorption are easier to control and more predictable than those of liquids or colloids. Liquid and colloidal barrier products work mainly through their hydration and floating effect. They have the advantage of covering the entire peritoneal cavity, are easy to use in laparoscopic surgery, and are biodegradable. Since postoperative peritoneal adhesions originate from tissue damage, any surgical technique that may reduce organ and peritoneal damage can theoretically be used to prevent peritoneal adhesions, but minimally invasive operations alone do not completely prevent adhesion formation. Intraoperatively, surgeons should pay due attention to minimally invasive surgical principles, including avoidance of powdered gloves, gentle manipulation, careful hemostasis, selection of small-diameter sutures made of biocompatible materials, adequate field irrigation, avoidance of tissue drying, minimization of the use of monopolar electrocoagulation, removal of necrotic tissue whenever possible, and removal of residues and blood clots as much as possible before closing the peritoneum. In recent years, cellular technology has gradually become an emerging hot spot in the field of anti-adhesion. Its mechanism is to use living tissues or cells to replace damaged mesothelial tissues or cells, thus promoting normal healing and reducing pathological healing, and achieving the purpose of preventing adhesion formation. However, as the practical application of cell technology in clinical practice is still in its infancy, there are still more difficulties in the clinical application of this method.