Symptoms : (1) Low back pain and sciatica. (2) Lower abdominal pain or anterior thigh pain. (3) Numbness of the limbs. (4) Intermittent claudication. When the patient walks, the low back pain or radiating pain or numbness of the lower limbs on the affected side worsens as the distance increases. The walking distance is as short as 10 meters or more, and as long as several hundred meters. The symptoms can be relieved by taking a squatting position or sitting position and resting for a period of time. (5) Cauda equina syndrome: In severe cases, the cauda equina can cause incomplete paralysis of both lower limbs. Sphincter dysfunction, urination and defecation difficulties. Impotence occurs in men, and urinary retention and pseudo incontinence in women. (6) Muscle paralysis: when the nerve root is severely compressed it paralyzes the nerve and paralyzes the muscle. Signs: (1) Spinal appearance: lumbar anterior convexity decreases, disappears or is posteriorly convex. (2) Pressure points: deep pressure in the posterior paravertebral lesion space. The pressure points are mostly in the paraspinous process of the lesion space. (3) Restriction of lumbar motion. (4) Muscle atrophy and muscle strength changes. (5) Hyperalgesia. (6) Tendon reflex changes. Special tests: (1) Positive straight leg raising test. This is the classic test for sciatica. (2) Positive elevation test of the healthy limb. (3) Positive straight leg raise strengthening test. (4) Positive supine abdominal thrust test. (5) Positive femoral nerve pull test. (6) Positive neck flexion test. Imaging examination: To correctly diagnose lumbar disc herniation, clinical manifestations must be combined with imaging manifestations. It is incorrect to base the diagnosis on imaging tests alone or to emphasize the importance of imaging tests one-sidedly. Only imaging examination confirmed without seeing the corresponding clinical manifestations of lumbar disc herniation, can not diagnose lumbar disc herniation. 1, lumbar spine X-ray film 2, CT 3, MRI treatment: 1. non-surgical treatment is suitable for the first attack of a shorter duration and after resting the symptoms are significantly relieved. There is no serious herniation on imaging. Non-surgical treatments include bed rest, traction, massage, acupressure, braces, heat therapy, cold therapy, biofeedback, hormones (oral or subcutaneous), and acupuncture. 80% to 90% of patients can be cured by non-surgical treatments. 2. Surgery 10-20% of patients need surgery. (1) Indications for surgery: 1) Lumbar disc herniation with a history of more than half a year, after strict conservative treatment is ineffective; or conservative treatment is effective, but often recurring and the pain is more severe. 2) The first episode of lumbar disc herniation, the first episode of lumbar disc herniation. (2) The first attack of lumbar disc herniation with intense pain, especially in the lower limbs, the patient is difficult to move and sleep due to pain. The patient is forced to be in hip flexion and knee flexion side-lying position, or even kneeling position. 3) Single nerve palsy or cauda equina compression palsy symptoms and signs. 4) The patient is middle-aged with a long history of the disease, affecting work or and life. 5) Although the medical history is atypical, the imaging examination, CT or MRI or imaging confirms that the intervertebral disc has obvious and serious compression on the nerve or dural sac. (6) Herniated disc with lumbar spinal stenosis. (2) Treatment: 1) Nucleus pulposus chemical dissolution therapy: inject papaya curd protease or collagenase into the intervertebral disc by percutaneous puncture. Dissolve the nucleus pulposus tissue. Eliminate the compression of the nucleus pulposus on the nerve root. These drugs have complications such as allergic reactions and neuritis, especially collagenase. It should be used with caution. 2) Surgical treatment: posterior transforaminal nucleotomy or anterior retroperitoneal discectomy. The current minimally invasive surgery includes: ① microsurgical discectomy. Microincisional discectomy Microincisional discectomy uses a small incision (2.5 – 3 cm), a surgical high-powered endoscope, and adequate illumination of the operative field. Theoretical advantages of the technique include clear visualization of the microanatomy, preservation of epidural fat, possibility of fine hemostasis, minimal nerve root damage and minimal paraspinal muscle damage. There is also a clear economic advantage due to reduced hospitalization time. ② Percutaneous lumbar discectomy and aspiration. (iii) Lateral or posterior discectomy with special discectomy instruments. The excellent rate of various surgical treatment results is reported to be 80% – 90%. Common surgical complications include wound infection, vascular injury, nerve injury, pseudomyelomeningocele, cauda equina syndrome and urinary retention.