Drug therapy is an essential treatment for psychiatric symptoms. Since most of the drugs for psychiatric symptoms have sedative and hypnotic effects, and the elderly have reduced liver and kidney function, slow absorption and prolonged excretion of drugs, and increased sensitivity to drugs, they are prone to various adverse reactions, so the dose should be reduced (about 30% to 50% of the adult dose) and gradually increased, and adverse reactions should be observed at all times. At present, there are two types of psychotropic drugs: “typical” and “atypical”, of which the former are the so-called “traditional psychotropic drugs” that have been used clinically for a long time and are sure to have therapeutic effects, but have more serious adverse effects. The former are the so-called “traditional psychotropic drugs” that have been used for a long time and have a definite therapeutic effect, but have more and serious adverse reactions; the latter are the so-called “non-traditional psychotropic drugs” that have a better efficacy and have less and milder reactions. Elderly people should preferably choose “atypical psychotropic drugs”. Generally, psychotropic drugs have an onset of effect of 1 to 2 weeks, with good results in 4 to 5 weeks, and the dose can be gradually reduced for maintenance treatment if the condition improves. Clinically, different drugs with different effects should be used according to different psychiatric symptoms. 1, hallucinations, delusions (1) Risperidone (Vistone) The initial dose of 0.5 mg, twice a day; can be increased to 1 mg, twice a day. The main adverse effects are Parkinson’s syndrome (tremor of the hands, increased muscle tone, slowed action, stereotyped expression, etc.), in severe cases can be combined with anti-Parkinson’s syndrome drugs, no benzodiazepine (Antan), etc. (2) Quetiapine The starting dose is 25 mg twice a day, which can be increased to 100-200 mg/day. Adverse effects are small, with a mild drop in blood pressure. (3) Olanzapine Once a day, start with 5 mg, may be increased to 10 mg. Adverse reactions are less frequent, with occasional elevation of SGPT and mild decrease in blood pressure. Liver function should be checked regularly during administration. This drug is more expensive. (4) Sulpiride The starting dose is 0.05-0.1 mg twice a day; it can be increased to 0.2 mg twice a day. Fewer adverse reactions and less impact on the cardiovascular system, but can cause Parkinson’s syndrome at high doses. (5) Endorphin, trifluoperazine Its effect is weaker, common adverse effects are Parkinson’s syndrome, but it is suitable for elderly people with physical diseases. 2, excitement and agitation In addition to the above-mentioned drugs for the treatment of hallucinations and delusions, can also be used: (1) haloperidol The initial dose of 0.5 to 1 mg, twice a day, can be increased to 1 to 2 mg, twice a day. Intramuscular injection (5-10 mg/day) is available for patients with severe disease. The most common adverse reaction is Parkinson’s syndrome, and it appears earlier and to a greater extent. Individual patients may also develop a “malignant symptom group” of high fever, confusion, increased muscle tone in the limbs, and elevated white blood cells, which should be immediately discontinued and treated with intravenous fluids. However, this drug has less effect on blood pressure and cardiovascular system, so it is more often used clinically. (2) Thioridazine The starting dose is 25 mg twice a day; it can be increased to 100 to 200 mg twice a day. This drug has an effect on the cardiovascular system and can cause a mild drop in blood pressure and electrocardiogram changes. Blood pressure and electrocardiogram should be checked regularly while taking the drug. (3) Chlorpromazine The starting dose is 12.5-25 mg twice a day; it can be increased to 50-100 mg twice a day. This drug has a greater impact on the cardiovascular system and liver function, and can cause hypotension and accelerated heart rate, and should be used sparingly by the elderly. 3, depression, anxiety, tension: 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitors are “atypical antidepressants”, these drugs are effective, adverse reactions are small, relatively safe, and as long as once a day, generally after 1 to 2 weeks of medication can take effect. The commonly used drugs are fluoxetine (Prozac) (20 mg/day), sertraline (Zoloft) (50 mg/day), paroxetine (Seroquel) (20 mg/day), Lanzai (50-150 mg/day), citalopram (20-40 mg/day) and so on. In recent years, some other kinds of new antidepressants have emerged, such as Enoxil, Remeron, Dactylan, Macrobid, etc. If these drugs are not effective, traditional antidepressants can be used, commonly used are Maprotiline, Clomipramine (chlorpromazine), Doxepin (Doxepin), Amitriptyline, etc.. These drugs have been used clinically for a long time and have good efficacy. However, there are more adverse reactions, the impact on the cardiovascular system is more obvious, and there are uncomfortable reactions such as dry mouth, drowsiness, constipation, blurred vision, etc. The electrocardiogram and blood pressure should be tested regularly during taking the drugs. 4.Sleep disorder: The sleep disorder of this disease is caused by the disruption of the patient’s sleep-wake rhythm on the one hand, and secondary to the stimulation of somatic diseases or external factors on the other. Mainly for the difficulty in falling asleep, early awakening, short sleep time or degree of sleep is not deep, sometimes lack of sleep time concept and sleep time reversal, such as daytime sleepiness, sleepless at night. Most of the drugs used in the treatment of sleep disorders are pharmacologically valium drugs, which have anxiolytic, hypnotic, sedative, muscle relaxation and other effects. At present, there are more varieties, no less than 30 kinds. The main adverse effects are drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness and vertigo, etc. Excessive doses can appear ataxia blurred vision and shock and other toxic symptoms. Long-term use can produce drug dependence, such as sudden discontinuation of use can produce withdrawal reactions (insomnia, irritability, nausea and vomiting, muscle aches or convulsions and other symptoms). Therefore, such drugs should not be taken for a long time, usually half an hour to one hour before sleep. Currently commonly used drugs are: (1) alprazolam (Jiajing Valium): 0.4 to 0.8 mg each time, mild effects, mild adverse reactions, suitable for the elderly. (2) Eszopiclone (Scholastin): 1 to 2 mg each time, mild adverse reactions, also suitable for the elderly. (3) Clonazepam (Clonazepam): 2 to 4 mg each time, its sedative and hypnotic effects and adverse reactions are stronger than the first two, generally used for patients with persistent insomnia, more addictive. (4) Triazolam (Helicin): 0.25-0.5 mg each time. (5) Midazolam (Sulfanil): 15-30 mg each time, easy to become addicted. (6) Zolpidem (Synthroid): 5 to 10 mg each time. Quicker action. For patients who have difficulty sleeping. Common adverse effects are falls caused by dizziness.