1.What is blood lipid? A: Lipids are the general term for neutral fats (triglycerides and cholesterol) and lipids in blood plasma, which are widely present in the human body. Generally speaking, the main components of blood lipids are triglycerides and cholesterol. They are essential for the basic metabolism of living cells. But “too much is not enough”, hyperlipidemia can cause harm. 2.What are the dangers of high blood lipids? A: Blood lipids are important substances in the human body, but they should not exceed a certain range. If there are too many blood lipids, it will easily cause “thick blood”, which will be deposited on the wall of blood vessels and gradually form small plaques (what we often call “atherosclerotic plaques”). These “plaques” increase in number and size, gradually blocking the blood vessels, slowing down the blood flow and, in severe cases, interrupting the blood flow. If this happens in the heart, it will cause coronary heart disease; if it happens in the brain, it will cause stroke; if it blocks the blood vessels at the bottom of the eyes, it will lead to vision loss and blindness; if it happens in the kidneys, it will cause renal arteriosclerosis and kidney failure; if it happens in the lower limbs, it will cause limb necrosis and ulceration. In addition, high blood lipids can induce gallstones, pancreatitis, lead to male sexual dysfunction, dementia and other diseases. 3.Is high blood lipid related to diet? A: Improper diet can cause hyperlipidemia, such as excessive intake of sugar and starchy food, consumption of animal fat and offal, and fried food can cause hyperlipidemia. However, hyperlipidemia is not entirely caused by lifestyle, but disorders of lipid metabolism can cause elevated blood lipids, as well as familial hereditary hypercholesterolemia. 4.Which is harmful, high cholesterol or high triglycerides? A: Both are harmful. High cholesterol is more likely to cause cardiovascular events, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, kidney failure and peripheral vascular disease. While high triglycerides and diet are more closely related, can cause fatty liver, pancreatitis. 5.What kinds of lipid-lowering drugs are there and what are the differences? A: There are five common ones: statins, beta, niacin, resins, and cholesterol absorption inhibitors. Among them, the most common cholesterol-lowering drugs are statins and cholesterol absorption inhibitors, while triglyceride-lowering drugs are mainly betablockers. 6.What foods can lower blood lipids? A: The most nourishing food, more vegetables, fruits, less fatty meat, cream and other saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids. 7, high blood fat caused by atherosclerosis, can be detected early? A: Yes, you can. The easiest way is to do a carotid ultrasound, which can see whether there is thickening of the carotid artery’s intima-media thickness, whether there is narrowing of the lumen area, whether there is plaque formation and the nature of the plaque. 8.What are the risk factors for hyperlipidemia? A: The risk factors are the combination of these conditions and the need to strictly control the lipids, otherwise the consequences are very serious. Common risk factors include coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smokers, men over 40 years old and postmenopausal women are the key targets of lipid examination. 9.What are the common indicators of blood lipid testing? What is their reference range? Why do different hospitals have different reference ranges? A: We often refer to blood lipids as cholesterol and triglycerides. We mainly observe two kinds of cholesterol indicators: high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein. The range: total cholesterol: 2.8~5.17mmol/L; triglycerides: 0.56~1.7mmol/L; cholesterol lipids: 2.8~5.17mmol/L; HDL: male: 0.96~1.15mmol/L; female: 0.90~1.55mmol/L; LDL: 0~3.5 mmol/L. Different hospitals use different reagents and testing instruments. Hospitals use different reagents and testing instruments, so the reference range given is different, but in general the difference is not significant. 10.Is there any difference between good and bad cholesterol? A: This is just a common saying. It is found that higher HDL may be more protective to human body, so we call it good cholesterol; LDL is related to the occurrence of atherosclerosis, so we call it bad cholesterol. So we want the good guys to get better and the bad guys to get better. That is, the higher the HDL, the better, and the lower the LDL, the better. 11.Take a copy of the physical examination sheet to the doctor to see why my lipid values are normal and there are no arrows, but the doctor told me to take lipid-lowering drugs. A: The lab slip is a one-size-fits-all standard for retirement at age 60, not that 61 is a waste of time and 59 is necessarily competent for the job. For people of different ages and with different risk factors, the criteria vary greatly. A young person with a lipid profile of 3.45 mmol/L can score 100 points, a person with high blood pressure and a smoker can only score 60 points, and a post-infarction patient may not even score 30 points. So be sure to ask a specialist to decide. 12.The side effects of lipid-lowering drugs are very scary, will it hurt my liver? A: The instructions are written to show the possible side effects of a drug, just like eating flour can make people allergic, but most of us can eat it. Lipid-lowering drugs that people are most worried about are statins that can harm the liver, but in fact the probability of this is very low and most of them do not happen. A few patients will have elevated aminotransferases when taking them early, but many will return to normal as long as they are not more than 3 times as high. However, if the transaminases have been high, or muscle pain, to see a doctor in a timely manner. 13.Is it necessary to take medicine when high blood lipid is detected in physical examination? A: It is better to be formulated by a specialist. For young people, no risk factors, diet control and exercise are preferred, and if the standard cannot be reached, medication is required. For patients with hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, regardless of the lipid level need to lower lipid treatment. 14.My cholesterol and triglycerides are high, in order to enhance the effect of lipid lowering, statin and beta drugs together can eat, right? A: Generally do not eat with this, it is easy to cause rhabdomyolysis, special circumstances under the guidance of doctors can also be. Triglycerides are actually more closely related to diet and exercise. 15.I rarely eat chicken and fish, it is impossible to have high blood lipids, right? A: The sources of blood lipids are exogenous intake, endogenous liver synthesis, and exercise, genetics, metabolism and other factors. Exogenous intake accounts for 30%, while endogenous synthesis accounts for 70%, so when lipid metabolism is disturbed, or family genetic history, even if the list diet, you can have hyperlipidemia. 16.I am a coronary heart disease patient, is there a standard for lowering lipids? Do I need to diet? A: Generally speaking the lower the better. Diet control is necessary, but to ensure a normal caloric intake and reasonable diet structure. 17.I heard that if the lipid level is too low, it is easy to get cancer, so I can’t take lipid-lowering drugs to lower the lipid level too low? A: Normal calorie intake and reasonable diet structure are sufficient to ensure the metabolic activities of the body. It is the patients who consume cancer who have low blood lipid level, not the patients with low blood lipid level who are prone to cancer. 18.I don’t have any symptoms, I can eat and drink, “three highs” is not a disease for me, so there is no need to take lipid-lowering drugs, right? A: Any “one high” is a disease. Many people can eat and drink in fact, it seems that the outside of the golden jade, but in fact, it is a failure; seems to be healthy and sturdy, but in fact, the outside is strong in the dry. The body’s compensatory function is very powerful, and once the critical trigger is touched, will cause a domino effect, the consequences are catastrophic. So at all times is more prevention than cure, your objective physical examination value is your health signal. 19.I have taken lipid-lowering drugs, do I still need diet control? A: Yes, especially high-calorie fats and oils, trans fatty acids and so on. Diet control is always the foundation. 20, hyperlipidemia are eaten out, and exercise is not related, right? A: Lipid metabolism disorders and exercise are related, eat in, but also transfer out, exercise is also very beneficial to lower lipids. 21, hyperlipidemia should be fat people, thin people will not get hyperlipidemia, right? A: There is no relationship, many thin people have higher blood lipids than fat people, so do not think that the body type is thin blood lipids are normal, must be regular medical checkups. 22.I am a patient with coronary heart disease, but my cholesterol is normal when I check my blood lipids, can I stop the medication? A: No, controlling blood lipids is a persistent process. The boss paid you today, you can not work tomorrow? Children pass the exam today, but tomorrow they still have to go to school. Atherosclerosis is an aging process in the human body, lipid-lowering drugs are slowing down the development of vascular aging process. 23.I am a coronary heart disease patient, do I have to take lipid-lowering drugs for the rest of my life? A: Unfortunately, I can tell you: yes. Three feet of ice is not a day of cold. Coronary heart disease refers to the narrowing of coronary arteries by more than 50%, and the culprit of this process is the abnormal formation of plaque in lipid metabolism. The purpose of taking lipid-lowering drugs is twofold: one is to slow down the development process of coronary artery disease from 50% stenosis to 100% stenosis, and the other is to minimize the myocardial infarction caused by plaque shedding. 24.The doctor said my heart main vessel stenosis 80% recommended to put stents, I hope to take lipid-lowering drugs for conservative treatment, can it? A: No. Firstly, 80% stenosis of coronary artery, especially proximal stenosis of main blood vessel, will make the blood supply of heart exceed the demand, and the symptoms of exertional angina will appear, which will affect the quality of life. Second, this time bomb will explode at any time and rupture causing myocardial infarction and causing accidents. 25.I have had heart stent surgery, the blood vessels have been normal, can I throw away the lipid-lowering drugs? A: No, you can’t. Interventional surgery is only the beginning of treatment, not once and for all after stenting. When a river is narrowed, after dredging the waterway, it is still necessary to reorganize the river workers, otherwise there is a possibility of blockage again. The first reason for taking lipid-lowering drugs after stenting is to make other blood vessels block again, and the second is to prevent the occurrence of restenosis in the stent. 26.I had a heart bypass surgery, the coronary arteries have gone by-pass, do I have to take lipid-lowering to? A: Yes, atherosclerosis is the arteriosclerosis of the whole body vessels, the heart is more sensitive to the ischemia and hypoxia caused by the stenosis after atherosclerosis, so we must be more careful to protect the bridge vessels, because the bridge vessels are narrowed again, the doctor’s means are not much. 27.Can I take Chinese medicine to lower blood lipid? A: As a treatment, lipid-lowering drugs are still mainly western drugs, and the role of Chinese medicine in lowering blood lipids is limited. As a preventive health care, hawthorn, Shen Qu, gynostemma, etc. have certain effects, but they cannot replace western medicine for lipid-lowering treatment. 28.Is it too late to take lipid medication after having myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction? A: Although it is late, but it is not too late to mend the fold to prevent the next incident from happening again.