Life expectancy after surgery for congenital atrial septal defect is usually unaffected and can survive for a long time. A congenital atrial septal defect is an abnormal passage between the two atria at the time of birth. The common treatment for atrial septal defect is surgical repair or medical closure of the atrial septal defect. Choosing a good timing for surgery, the hemodynamics will be significantly improved after surgery, the patient’s symptoms will be reduced or disappear, and its long-term survival rate is not significantly different from that of normal people. Even if the operation is done when there is already a combination of significant heart failure, arrhythmia or pulmonary hypertension. As long as the surgery is successful, the existing pulmonary hypertension and right heart hypertrophy remain, but the patient’s cardiac function can be improved, and their long-term survival rate is significantly higher than that of patients without surgery. However, these patients have a relatively high mortality rate at the time of surgery and should be considered carefully when having surgery.