The majority of urinary fistulas can be avoided by strengthening perinatal care and continuously improving obstetric quality and gynecologic surgical techniques. Obstetric injuries are the main cause of urinary fistula in developing countries. In the prevention of obstetric fistula, emphasis should be placed on family planning, strengthening systematic maternal management, regular pregnancy checkups, early detection of pelvic stenosis, malformation or abnormal fetal position, timely correction, and early hospitalization for delivery. We should strengthen the observation of the labor process and deal with any abnormal labor chart or prolonged second stage of labor in time to end labor as soon as possible to avoid stalled labor. In the case of transvaginal surgical delivery, the bladder should be routinely catheterized and emptied before the operation, and the operating procedures should be strictly observed and various instruments should be used carefully. When using sharp instruments or bone fragments of severed head or limbs passing through the vagina, the vaginal wall must be protected. Routinely check the genital and urinary tracts for damage after surgery, and repair any damage immediately if found. Anyone who has had a long labor and a history of urinary retention and hematuria should have a catheter in place for about 10 days after delivery to prevent the formation of a urinary fistula. Patients with urinary fistula after healing should have a cesarean section when giving birth again. Regarding the prevention of gynecological surgical injuries, we should fully estimate the difficulties in surgery, grasp the links that are likely to cause injuries during surgery, be familiar with the anatomy and variation of pelvic organs, and improve the basic techniques of surgical operations. When pelvic surgery adhesions are serious, first carefully separate the adhesions and restore the normal anatomy of the organs. When total hysterectomy is performed, the bladder is pushed down to the level of the external cervical opening, especially both sides of the angle up to 1 cm outside the margins of both sides of the cervix, always pay attention to the course of the ureter, and if necessary, free the ureter and trace the course of its pelvic segment to avoid damage. Radiation therapy should avoid excessive doses. The use of uterine rest should be insisted on daily and nightly placement and should not be placed for a long time. Do not abuse corrosive drugs in the vagina. Prognosis: 1.Cure: no leakage after surgery. 2.Improved: less urine leakage after surgery. 3.Uncured: No reduction or increase of urine leakage after surgery. Health care: 1. The bladder drainage should be kept open so that the wound can heal easily. A full bladder can burst the suture and lead to surgical failure. If there is urine overflow early after surgery, it may come from the urethra or have a small fissure, and do not give up the hope of success and remove the catheter, many cases can still heal in the end, do not rush to do vaginal examination. The time of catheter placement can depend on the size of the fistula hole. If the fistula is very small it can be removed 3 to 5 days after surgery, while large fistulas are extended to 12 to 14 days. A very small number of people believe that it is not necessary to place a catheter at all and take postoperative urination on their own. The reason is that it is easy to cause episodic infection, the catheter in the bladder directly stimulates the repaired wound, and a long time has urine salt fixation to form stones, which affects the success of the operation. The drainage method is still mostly used, but regardless of the type of bladder drainage used, the drainage tube must be kept open. During the period of indwelling catheter generally do not need to flush the bladder, such as for hematuria or sediment, the urinary catheter does not work, a small amount (10-20ml each time) of sterile saline or sterilized 1:5000 furacilin solution low-pressure flushing until patency. Some routinely give the Chinese herbal medicine psyllium and double flower decoction for internal use to clear heat and diuresis. Encourage patients to drink more water. The rehydration fluid should be sufficient 2500-3000ml/d in the near future after surgery, and later encourage patients to drink more water. 2, keep the vulva clean: vulva, urethral orifice must be scrubbed with 1:2000 Neosporin solution twice a day to prevent episodic infection. 3, postoperative lying position: try to take a prone or side lying position to reduce the infection of urine immersion at the fistula hole. If it is difficult for the patient to maintain a position, it is okay to lie down. The key is to keep the catheter open. 4. Routinely apply antibiotics for 2 to 3 weeks, and estrogen may be added in older people. 5.Give liquid and non-slag semi-liquid diet for 5 days after surgery, and liquid paraffin or laxative pills can be given on the fourth day to make daily bowel movement smooth. 6. When discharged from the hospital, it is stated that sexual intercourse and vaginal examination are forbidden for 3 months, otherwise there is a risk of rupture of the repaired urinary fistula. If you become pregnant in the future, make sure you are admitted early and a caesarean section should be performed. If you have a child, especially if you have a fistula that is difficult to repair, have weak local tissues, or have a small pelvis, you should use contraception or have sterilization at the same time as the repair.