I. Overview Febrile convulsions, or febrile convulsions, are convulsive seizures induced by fever. The age of onset is from 3 months to 6 years, with a peak age of onset from 6 months to 3 or 4 years. The clinical features are that the convulsions occur at the early stage of fever and sudden rise in body temperature, and the body temperature at the time of the attack is mostly above 38.5 to 39°C. The general condition before and after the attack is good, and there are no other abnormalities of the nervous system. The clinical manifestations of febrile convulsions mostly occur in the early stage of fever when the body temperature rises suddenly and brief generalized convulsive seizures with loss of consciousness. Most of them have only one attack during a fever. Recovery after the attack is rapid and the neurological examination is mostly normal. Infection is the cause of fever in most children with febrile convulsions. Feverish convulsions are classified into simple and complex types. The simple type of FC has 6 characteristics. (1) Age 6 months to 6 years. (2) The seizure form is symmetrical, rather than confined and asymmetrical. (3) The seizure duration is short, a few seconds to a few minutes, and rarely exceeds 20 min or more. (4) There is no persistent impairment of consciousness or hemiparesis after the seizure. (5) It usually occurs only once during a hyperthermia and not a second time. (6) No perinatal abnormalities, such as neonatal asphyxia, intrauterine distress due to maternal hyperemesis or birth injury, and no structural brain abnormalities (no structural brain abnormalities on brain CT or MRI). The prognosis for simple FC is good, with a low chance of conversion to epilepsy. Complex FC also has 6 characteristics: (1) Organic brain injury, such as cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and other organic brain injury, before the onset of seizures. (2) Longer seizure duration, usually more than 20 min per seizure. (3) The seizures are limited or asymmetric. (4) There is a family history. (5) Age of first attack is less than 1 year or more than 6 years. (6) Convulsions occur when the body temperature is below 38°C, while the temperature of simplex FC is often above 39°C. The chance of conversion to epileptic chest can be as high as 50%. Age + temperature + type of convulsion + state of consciousness at the time of seizure + duration + post-seizure performance, etc. Auxiliary examinations mostly have no special findings. It is necessary to differentiate from central nervous system infection, the early stage of acute infectious disease in children, and acute metabolic disorders. The principle of prevention and treatment of febrile convulsions is to control the convulsions as soon as possible, prevent the recurrence of convulsions, and prevent febrile diseases. Febrile convulsions are usually brief. Most of them do not require medication. If you are in the middle of a seizure, you can acupuncture the Renzhong or Hegu acupuncture points, or you can push diazepam (Valium) intravenously. For simple febrile convulsions, treatment of the primary cause only, including antipyretic and other physical cooling measures, is sufficient. However, for those who have a tendency to relapse, diazepam (Valium) can be used at the beginning of the febrile illness or until the temperature of the primary illness returns to normal, and for those with complex febrile convulsions or a total of more than 5 seizures, if temporary oral administration with Valium fails to prevent new seizures, valproic acid or sodium phenobarbital can be given orally for a long time for a period of 1 to 2 years, with individual extensions required. The preventive effect of other traditional antiepileptic drugs on febrile seizures is poor.