From the 28th week onwards, we enter the late stage of pregnancy, what changes will occur in the body of the pregnant mother during this period? Is the fetal movement and physiological contractions that appeared in the middle of pregnancy still the same? The late stage of pregnancy is a high incidence of stretch marks! You may also experience constipation, back pain, leg and foot cramps, and edema. It will be more difficult than the middle of pregnancy! Of course, there are definitely ways to deal with it, and we’ll talk about the methods of attacking it one by one! 1, belly and weight late pregnancy our belly is getting bigger and bigger, rapid weight growth, these are inevitable phenomena. Control weight within the normal range of uniform growth is the king of healthy pregnancy! Sudden weight gain in a short period of time is one of the important factors for the appearance of stretch marks, must pay attention! The actual number of times the fetus moves is generally not significantly reduced. It is recommended that pregnant mothers fix a more convenient time every day after 28 weeks to carefully perceive and count fetal movements. The form and frequency of fetal movement varies from person to person, usually there will be slightly more fetal movement in the afternoon or evening. The fetal baby has a sleep-wake cycle of 20-40 minutes, and it is normal that the fetal movement during the sleep period may be reduced or even absent. Normal fetal movement: >10 times in 2 hours. If it reaches less than 10 times in two hours or decreases by 50%, it indicates the possibility of fetal baby’s lack of oxygen, and you should consult a doctor for further judgment. 3.Breast At this stage, the nipples of pregnant mothers continue to increase in size and darken, and the color of the areola deepens. If you squeeze your breasts near the time of delivery, a small amount of yellowish thin liquid may spill out, which is the colostrum. The appearance of colostrum is a normal phenomenon and is the pregnant mother’s preparation for the “ration” of the baby to be born. Pregnant mothers should take good care of their breasts at this stage and gently wipe the dirt from the nipples with a wet soft towel when bathing. But do not deliberately squeeze the nipples to artificially cause stimulation, which may cause unnecessary uterine contractions 4, contractions (1) physiological contractions are similar to the middle of pregnancy, pregnant mothers have to do is to ignore. (2) Before labor starts, some pregnant mothers may experience false labor, which can be felt with the following characteristics: short duration (<30 seconds); irregular and long intervals; contractions are not painful and do not intensify; they usually occur at night and disappear in the early morning. We do not need to pay special attention to the contractions of false labor, but if they occur before the full term of pregnancy (with the possibility of preterm labor), or repeatedly after the full term, affecting sleep and life, we should seek medical help. (3) Contractions of true labor: regular and gradually increasing; duration of about 30 seconds or more; interval of at least 5-6 minutes. 5.Fetal head entering the pelvis The first pregnancy may occur 1-2 weeks before the expected date of delivery, and those who have had babies before may enter the pelvis only after the delivery. When the fetal baby's head enters the pelvic inlet plane, the bladder is pressurized and the pressure on the bladder and urethra increases, some pregnant mothers may experience frequent urination and are also prone to frequent nighttime rising, and even incontinence may occur if the pelvic floor muscles are weak. Therefore, drink less water before going to bed. 6. pain in the lower back, pelvic area or lower limbs As the uterus grows, the body's center of gravity will continue to move forward, and the muscles in the lower back are often under tension. The placenta secretes relaxin to loosen the pelvic ligaments and the joints between the vertebrae. Many pregnant mothers experience muscle pain in the lower back and sciatica (excessive curvature of the crest may lead to herniated discs compressing the sciatic nerve, manifesting as pain radiating from the lower back to the buttocks, the back of the thighs, the outer calves to the feet), and so on. Many pregnant mothers mistakenly believe that the pain will go away after delivery. In fact, this pain can lead to many consequences: sleep disorders, reduced activity, fear of pregnancy and childbirth, anxiety, depression, and even chronic pain for a long time. Therefore, it is not something to be tolerated. When pain occurs, we should first see a doctor to identify the cause of the pain, and then adjust our lifestyle or treat it accordingly according to the doctor's recommendations! This pain can of course be prevented by wearing low-heeled shoes; avoiding sleeping on too soft mattresses; avoiding carrying heavy things; not maintaining a posture for too long when standing or standing on the left; paying attention to low back warmth and support (lumbar pillow, maternity pillow); and insisting on appropriate exercises to improve the muscle strength of the legs, back and abdomen. 7.Constipation, varicose veins, leg and foot cramps ...... These discomforts may have appeared in some pregnant mothers in the middle of pregnancy, and the response is still the same. Constipation: increase the intake of dietary fiber in your diet, eat less spicy and stimulating food and greasy food; adhere to appropriate exercise in general; develop the good habit of regular life and regular bowel movements. Leg and foot cramps: pay attention to calcium supplementation; pay attention to keeping warm, especially the lower limbs; don't overexert yourself in general; raise your feet slightly and stretch your toes upward when resting; sedentary pregnant mothers should walk around every hour or so; pay attention to developing correct walking habits, landing heel first. Varicose veins: insist on exercise; avoid prolonged standing or sitting; control body weight; sleeping on the left side can reduce the pressure on the inferior vena cava by the cotyledons and reduce the pressure on the veins in the legs and feet; elevate the legs to promote blood return if it is convenient to sleep or in general; keep the bowels open; elastic stockings for pregnant women (medical varicose veins stockings are suitable for pregnant mothers with existing varicose veins) can promote blood return and relieve symptoms. If the above symptoms are serious and affect your life, you must seek medical help! 8.Physiological edema The main reason: the uterus becomes bigger after pregnancy. Compression to the veins of the lower limbs. Poor blood return; increased secretion of estrogen and aldosterone in pregnant mothers, retention of sodium and water in the body, resulting in reduced urine output and edema. The increase in blood volume and plasma during pregnancy can also lead to edema phenomenon Features: usually occurs after 28 weeks of pregnancy; encountered by 75% of pregnant mothers; most obvious after evening throughout the day; mainly appears in the ankles or below the knees, with the first appearing in the ankles; the swollen skin will be obviously concave when pressed with fingers and does not recover quickly. Countermeasures: pay attention to rest, avoid standing for a long time, elevate the legs when sleeping to help blood return; appropriate exercise and massage can reduce the problem of poor venous blood return in the legs; pay attention to keeping the lower limbs warm to facilitate blood flow; wear elastic socks for pregnant mothers. Pay attention to differentiate from pathological edema Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy manifest as edema in the lower limbs, or hidden edema that cannot be seen but can lead to sudden weight gain, high blood pressure, headache, chest tightness, blurred vision, etc. Blood clots: When only one leg is swollen with redness, pain and thickening, it is likely that a blood clot is present, which is related to the blood in the pregnant mother's body being in a hypercoagulable state and lack of activity. There are also edema caused by heart, kidney and liver diseases. Once pathological edema appears, it is important to seek medical attention! If you cannot tell whether edema is normal or not, you should seek medical help! 9, supine hypotension syndrome Late in pregnancy, when the pregnant mother is lying down, the enlarged uterus will compress the inferior vena cava, so that the blood return is blocked. If you are in this position for a long time, it will cause a decrease in the amount of blood returned to the heart, followed by a decrease in the amount of blood pumped by the heart and a drop in blood pressure. This condition is dangerous for both the pregnant mother and the baby! In severe cases, placental abruption can occur, which is life-threatening! So it is best to lie on the left side, and then the right side when the left side is tired. Do not compulsively lie on the left side only forever, when the abdominal muscles are weak, the pregnant mother's stomach tends to be crooked to the left, but is not conducive to the progress of labor after the real labor. 10, postural hypotension pregnant mothers in late pregnancy must avoid long standing, squatting or lying when suddenly get up, because the sudden change of position is likely to cause hypotension, or even fainting due to blackness in front of the eyes. Guarantee sufficient sleep, reasonable diet, proper exercise and wearing special elastic stockings can play a good role in preventing about. 11, chest tightness, inspiratory difficulties Some pregnant mothers in about 32-36 weeks, the enlarged uterus upward pressure on the chest cavity will appear a slight chest tightness or inspiratory difficulties. It often occurs after a large amount of activity, or in poorly ventilated, crowded places. It can be quickly relieved by keeping the surrounding environment airy and resting properly. If it does not improve on its own, you need to go to the hospital for a timely examination to rule out disease factors. The late pregnancy period is the period when the pregnant mother's "battle of pregnancy and childbirth" is expected to be won, we should ensure sufficient rest and sleep, actively supplement calcium, appropriate sunshine, adhere to the exercise, maintain the correct standing, sitting and walking posture. In terms of dress, choose comfortable flat-heeled shoes and loose clothing. Do housework in moderation, avoid lifting heavy objects, often bending or standing for a long time squatting. In a word: there is nothing difficult in the world, who makes us a pregnant mother!