Breast cancer is a malignant disease that seriously endangers women’s health, and its incidence is increasing year by year, especially in some developed countries and cities, breast cancer has been at the top of female malignant tumors. How to prevent and treat breast cancer? Nowadays, there is a slogan “early prevention, early detection, early treatment”. As prevention is better than cure, women should master some self-examination methods of breast. Generally speaking, women over 20 years old should conduct self-examinations every month to familiarize themselves with the situation of their breasts and to pay attention to whether there are small lumps inside the breast. When examining, it is important to note that you must use the fingertips to examine, which are more sensitive, and parallel to the chest wall, not to pinch, grasp or pinch, if this will easily mistake the normal breast gland tissue for a lump. In the surgical clinic often encounter such a situation: some patients early in the morning panic, doctor, I have a lump in the breast, but the doctor how to check is not, ask the patient how to find, she said with her hands directly on the above grasping, pinching found. Therefore, it is important to know the correct method: after the patient stands with her arm up, check the right breast with her left hand and the left breast with her right hand, usually in a clockwise direction. During the examination, we should pay attention to the presence of lumps in the breast, the presence of skin indentations, the presence of fluid or blood coming from the nipple, and the presence of enlarged lymph nodes under the armpit. When you go to the hospital for further examination, the specialist will perform a professional physical examination of the breast. Based on clinical experience, combined with the patient’s signs and symptoms, a comprehensive analysis can be made to arrive at a more accurate judgment. Sometimes the doctor alone cannot draw a final conclusion by hand, and further tests are often required. At present, there are many auxiliary examinations commonly used for breast diseases, such as B-ultrasound, molybdenum-palladium X-ray, infrared, CT and MRI. Ultrasound is currently one of the most important means of breast examination. It is economical, easy, non-invasive and painless, and is more suitable for young women, especially pregnant and lactating women. The World Health Organization and the American Cancer Society recommend that women over the age of 50 should have an ultrasound examination of the breast once a year, women between the ages of 40 and 49 once every one to two years, and women between the ages of 35 and 40 should have an ultrasound examination as basic information for later use as a control. ultrasound has a high diagnostic value for solid or cystic lumps, but it is poor at showing subtle lesions and difficult to detect breast cancer less than 1.0 cm. Mammography is simple, convenient, low cost and non-invasive. It is also one of the common breast cancer screening methods and has become the preferred imaging method for breast cancer screening. An important role of mammography is the ability to detect breast cancer that is asymptomatic or clinically inaccessible as a lump. However, mammography is generally not recommended for women under the age of 35. It is also important to note the timing of the examination, preferably between periods, not during the menstrual period, and best about a week after the menstrual beam. The x-ray presentation of breast cancer is a dense mass with irregular borders or a burr sign. In addition, molybdenum-palladium X-ray is the most advantageous for the detection of malignant calcifications, with a detection rate of about 30% to 50%, and is an important tool for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Infrared mammography is non-invasive to patients, can be repeatedly examined, and has the advantages of convenience, speed, safety, accuracy, and low cost compared with B-ultrasound and X-ray examination, and is used as a common method in basic hospitals, but the accuracy rate is low. CT can be used as an effective supplement to molybdenum-palladium X-ray, especially for dense breast, CT examination can provide more information than ordinary X-ray, but CT scan is less accurate than ultrasound in identifying cystic lesions and less accurate than X-ray for pinpoint calcifications, especially when the number of calcifications is small, and CT examination has a high radiation dose and high examination cost, so it should not be used as the first choice for breast disease. In the past 10 years, the rapid development of magnetic resonance imaging technology has given breast imaging a broader prospect, and its sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing benign and malignant breast diseases is higher than other examinations, which helps to differentiate benign and malignant lesions. In addition, nipple overflow is one of the three most common symptoms of breast disease, with an incidence of about 3-8% in the population. For patients presenting with nipple overflow, a lactoscopy can usually be considered. In conclusion, early detection and treatment require the joint efforts of clinicians and women.