While it is generally believed that end-stage renal failure is irreversible, with more than 90% of the kidney units permanently damaged, there is no theoretical possibility of cure, we were able to restore kidney function in a patient with uremia through peritoneal dialysis treatment. Can the success of this patient’s treatment shake the theoretical cornerstone of nephrology? The patient was admitted to the hospital with increased nocturia for more than half a year, nausea, vomiting for one month, and decreased urine for 2 weeks, with no previous history of nephritis, hypertension, or diabetes. On admission, he had mild swelling of the face and lower extremities, blood pressure of 160/99 mmHg, laboratory tests: urine protein +, hemoglobin 111 g/L, renal function: serum creatinine 947.3 ummol/L, urea nitrogen 35.6 mmol/L, serum potassium 5.98 mmol/L, carbon dioxide binding capacity 12 mmol/L, renal ultrasound and CT examination suggested that the right kidney The renal ultrasound and CT examination showed that the right kidney was dysplastic and the left kidney was compensated hypertrophy. He was diagnosed with congenital solitary kidney, chronic renal failure and uremic stage. The patient was first treated conservatively, but the disease continued to worsen progressively and the urine volume decreased to 100-200 ml/24 h. He was treated with peritoneal dialysis. Two months later, renal function was completely normalized: serum creatinine 90.3ummol/L, urea nitrogen 5.01mmol/L, and peritoneal dialysis treatment was stopped. When the renal function was still within the normal range, the patient was considered to have recovered renal function and was withdrawn and dialysis treatment was completely stopped. Theoretically, once renal disease has progressed to the stage of end-stage renal failure, it is impossible to recover by any means, but the literature has never stopped reporting on the recovery of renal function in uremia. Comprehensive literature reports have found that the recovery rate of renal function in uremia ranges from approximately 0.3% to 3%, with some individual reports of very high recovery rates. By analyzing these cases reported in the literature, it was found that the factors that may lead to the restoration of renal function in uremic patients are as follows: 1. The possibility of restoring renal function exists in certain renal diseases themselves Among them, uremia caused by hypertensive nephropathy is probably the easiest to restore renal function. Johannesburg, South Africa’s Avi ? Katz and other physicians have published a study in which 75% of patients with uremic syndrome caused by hypertensive nephropathy who underwent peritoneal dialysis recovered renal function (I.J. Katz, L, Per itDiaInt, 6, 2001), which is probably the highest recovery rate reported to date. It should be noted, however, that hypertension is a very common cause of renal failure in South Africa, unlike in other parts of the world.SekkarieMA et al. reported (SekkarieMA , AmJKidneyDis1:61-65, 1990.) that 211 of 7404 uremic patients, or 2.8%, recovered renal function. Of these, primary rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and secondary glomerulonephritis, which include small vessel disease, had recovery rates 3.3, 3.0, and 2.9 times higher than the average, respectively. The kidney diseases with relatively high recovery rates were: primary rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, with a recovery rate of 9.2%; glomerulonephritis caused by systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis and other systemic diseases, with a recovery rate of 8.3%; multiple myeloma nephropathy, with a recovery rate of 7.1%; and other types of kidney disease, with a recovery rate of 5.1%. 2, Some patients diagnosed with end-stage renal failure are essentially acute renal failure occurring on the basis of chronic kidney disease, and the possibility of recovery of renal function in these patients is very high. Agra harkarM et al. reported 8 patients diagnosed with end-stage renal failure and pathologically confirmed primary glomerular disease, who recovered renal function during the course of hemodialysis treatment, all of these patients had a common and significant feature, that is, during the dialysis process, urine volume were significantly increased and renal function improved, which indicates that these patients were actually in acute renal failure combined with chronic kidney disease. renal failure. The patient we reported also had a significant increase in urine volume during the dialysis process, so although this patient was diagnosed with chronic renal failure and uremic phase at the time of admission, it was essentially acute renal failure combined with chronic kidney disease, and not true end-stage renal failure. 3, the appropriate treatment is important. Many literature reported that the recovery rate of renal function in peritoneal dialysis patients is higher than that in hemodialysis. In a study by GoldsteinA et al, the recovery rate of peritoneal dialysis was 2.4%; while the recovery rate of hemodialysis was 1.6%, with significant differences between the two. The study by et al. also concluded that recovery rates were significantly higher in peritoneal dialysis patients than in hemodialysis. Some researchers have observed that the treatment of acute renal failure with hemodialysis prolongs the course of the disease by causing a “new blow” to the kidney during hemodialysis itself. Because of the rapid depletion of residual renal function in hemodialysis patients, they tend to become anuric very quickly. Because peritoneal dialysis gives the patient some residual renal function and secretes a certain amount of erythropoietin, the degree of anemia in peritoneal dialysis patients is less than in hemodialysis patients, and the kidneys of these patients receive a greater supply of blood oxygen. When other causative factors are corrected, the kidneys are more likely to restore renal function.