Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor occurring in the epithelial cells of the esophagus, and is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, ranking 8th in incidence and 6th in mortality among global malignant tumors in 2012. Among malignant tumors in China, esophageal cancer has the 5th incidence rate and the 4th mortality rate. It is the 6th in urban areas and the 4th in rural areas. Esophageal cancer in China accounts for more than half of the number of new patients worldwide and is mainly distributed in six regions, including Henan Linxian, Taihang Mountain, northern Jiangsu, Dabie Mountain, northern Sichuan, and Chaoshan regions. The geographical aggregation of esophageal cancer reflects that the occurrence of esophageal cancer is closely related to geographic environment, living habits, diet and genetic susceptibility. How to prevent cancer scientifically and reduce the incidence and mortality rate of esophageal cancer? 1.Scientific and healthy eating habits Most studies show that hot food is one of the incidence factors of esophageal cancer. In areas with high incidence of esophageal cancer, such as Lin County, local residents like to eat hot food, which is called “hot paste”, and the temperature can be as high as 70-80℃ or even 80-90℃. High heat can lead to esophageal epithelial cell degeneration, mucosal inflammation and edema, and abnormal cell metabolism. In addition, rough food, eating too fast, squatting eating and strong tea can lead to the occurrence of esophageal cancer. Overnight vegetables, rotten fruits, moldy grains, commercially available salted fish, salted meat and pickles, as well as fried, fried and baked foods should be prohibited. Therefore, we can reduce the incidence of esophageal cancer from the source only by changing the above bad eating habits. The incidence of esophageal cancer increases in moderate to heavy smokers, and there is a linear correlation between longer smoking time and more smoking and the occurrence of esophageal cancer. The tar of tobacco contains many carcinogens, such as epoxide, benzo-alpha-pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which can directly damage the biological macromolecules in cells, leading to cell damage and causing cell carcinogenesis. A large number of epidemiological surveys abroad found that many patients with esophageal cancer have a history of heavy alcohol consumption. China’s epidemiological survey data show that the risk of esophageal cancer increases significantly when the average weekly alcohol consumption is greater than 100 grams for more than 5 years. Especially, the co-existence of alcohol consumption and smoking can aggravate the chronic irritation and inflammation of esophagus, leading to a sharp increase in the incidence of esophageal cancer. Therefore, staying away from tobacco and alcohol abuse can greatly reduce the occurrence of esophageal cancer. 3.Dietary nutrition balance Lack of nutrition is another factor of esophageal cancer. Lack of protein will lead to mucosal hyperplasia of esophagus, which is prone to malignant transformation; lack of fat will hinder the absorption of essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. It is necessary to eat more fresh vegetables and fruits because a lot of vitamins and trace elements are often destroyed in cooking. To promote the drinking of tea. Green tea can prevent cancer, and is beneficial to cardiovascular disease. Also pay attention to the supplementation of trace elements. Investigation shows that the lack of zinc, selenium, copper, molybdenum and other trace elements can lead to the occurrence of esophageal cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to match the diet reasonably and pay attention to the nutritional balance of the diet. 4.Exercise and maintain body weight Having a healthy body, maintaining a reasonable body weight and improving body immunity are especially important to prevent the occurrence of esophageal cancer. In western countries, obesity is considered to be an important factor for the increasing incidence of esophageal cancer. Studies have confirmed that obesity increases intra-abdominal pressure and gastroesophageal reflux, causing physical chronic irritation to the esophagus. Also adipose tissue itself promotes the growth of tumor cells. Therefore, we should exercise for all people and keep fit to stay away from obesity and esophageal cancer. 5.Relax and de-stress yourself With the rapid development of global economy, work intensity is increasing, and overtime and late night have become the daily routine of today’s working class. A lot of research results show that the history of mental stimulation, high work pressure, long-term mental depression and other adverse psychological factors are closely related to the occurrence of esophageal cancer. Therefore, maintaining a happy mood and work-life habits that combine work and rest can reduce the incidence of esophageal cancer. 6.Actively treating esophageal diseases, such as esophagitis, white spots, polyps, diverticula, cardia failure, etc., due to histological changes, functional variation and local stimulation, it is easy to deteriorate and form cancer. It must be closely observed, actively treated and prevented by effective measures. In conclusion, the prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer in China requires effective means and preventive measures, such as health education and promotion, nutritional intervention and early screening, in order to reduce the risk of occurrence of esophageal cancer. It is especially important to promote health education for today’s youth, who should stay away from cell phones and computers and go to the playground to be healthy; meanwhile, it is more important to pay attention to the elderly groups with high incidence of esophageal cancer, pay attention to their eating habits and psychological health, put down their work and take time to visit home.