The exact cause of esophageal cancer is still not very clear, but from what we know, prevention should start from the following aspects. (1) Don’t eat too hot food, don’t eat too fast, and don’t drink too much strong alcohol to reduce the stimulation to esophageal mucosa. (2) Do not eat moldy food, eat less sauerkraut. Because moldy grain can produce toxins. Change the habit of eating sauerkraut, sauerkraut contains a large number of nitrosamines, these substances have a strong carcinogenic effect. (3) Treat drinking water with bleach to reduce the nitrite content in water, and often take vitamin C, which can reduce the formation of nitrosamines in the stomach. (4) If you are a male living in a region with high incidence of esophageal cancer, aged 40 or above, usually have the habit of consuming sauerkraut, drinking alcohol, etc., and recently have difficulty in swallowing, pain or discomfort behind the sternum, you should go to the hospital for relevant examinations, such as esophagoscopy, barium meal of esophagus, X-ray fluoroscopy or radiographs, etc. in time. Generally speaking, esophagoscopy can see very small lesions in early stage and biopsy can make accurate pathological diagnosis. Treatment: The treatment of esophageal cancer is generally surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and combination therapy. Surgery should be preferred if there are surgical conditions, and complete resection of patients can achieve good results after surgery.