Kidney stones are often caused by urethral obstruction, dietary factors, etc. After a clear diagnosis, they can be treated with general treatment, medication and surgery.
1.Drug treatment
(1) Litholytic drugs: pure uric acid urinary stones can be dissolved by oral litholytic drugs, commonly used drugs such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium potassium citrate.
(2) lithotripsy drugs: some of the smaller urinary stones can be discharged by taking lithotripsy drugs, as well as drinking a lot of water, commonly used drugs such as tamsulosin.
(3) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: can play the role of anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, commonly used drugs such as ibuprofen, diclofenac sodium, indomethacin and so on.
2. Surgical treatment
(1) Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: locate the stone by X-ray or ultrasound, and use high-energy shock wave to focus on the urinary stone, so that the stone will be cracked until it is crushed into fine sand, and then discharged out of the body with the urine. It is suitable for kidney stones with a diameter of ≤2cm and upper ureteral stones.
(2) Cystoscopy and ureteroscopy-assisted lithotripsy and stone extraction: It is suitable for urinary stones, such as percutaneous nephrolithotripsy lithotripsy and stone extraction, etc. Smaller stones are taken out through the nephroscope with stone grasping forceps, and larger stones are crushed and then flushed out with water.
The above medicines should be used in accordance with the doctor’s prescription, and the occurrence of stones should seek medical treatment in time to clarify the type as well as the location, and choose the appropriate treatment program.