When pregnant women experience pain in the buttocks and thigh roots, several factors should be considered first: 1) muscular factors; 2) neurological factors; 3) vascular factors. Because the weight of pregnant women will increase a lot in the short term after pregnancy, the load of lumbar spine and lumbar muscles will increase in the short term, resulting in a series of pathological changes. The lumbar muscles are very prone to strain, so it can cause pain in the lower back, buttocks and thighs. The presence of these conditions, such as lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spondylolisthesis, can also be aggravated after pregnancy, leading to nerve compression and causing pain in the buttocks and thigh roots. Vascular factors are less common, but should not be ignored. This is because water and sodium retention and increased abdominal pressure after pregnancy can affect venous return and cause swelling in the lower limbs, which can lead to thigh pain.