Paraventricular ischemic changes are ischemic changes in the white matter of the brain adjacent to the lateral ventricles on both sides, and the cause of the ischemic foci is usually related to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a relatively common arterial disease that can occur in arteries throughout the body. If it occurs in the head and neck vessels and progresses gradually, it can lead to narrowing of the lumen of the vessels, causing chronic ischemic changes in the supplied brain, which may be manifested as ischemic changes in a CT or MRI of the skull. The development of atherosclerosis is usually associated with many risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, mental stress, sleep and so on. Risk factors should be controlled to avoid the development and progression of atherosclerosis, thus preventing further progression of ischemic changes.