There are three major milestones in the evolution of inguinal hernia surgery. First, the Bassini procedure, the traditional transverse abdominal fascia repair, emerged in the early 20th century and reduced the recurrence rate of hernia repair to less than 10%, a procedure that is still in use today. Second, the Lichtenstein procedure, a tension-free patch hernia repair, was performed in 1989, which reduced the overall recurrence rate of hernia repair to 1-3% and basically solved the problem of hernia recurrence, with a lower incidence of postoperative pain and discomfort, and is still the “gold standard” of inguinal hernia repair. “The incidence of postoperative pain and discomfort is also low. Jiang Bin, Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital Third, laparoscopic hernia repair, which was gradually introduced into the clinic in the 1990s, has introduced the field of view of hernia surgery to the preperitoneal level. After more than ten years of development, laparoscopic hernia repair has been developed and perfected, and its efficacy has been fully affirmed. Compared with the anterior approach of tension-free hernia repair, its main advantages are: because there is no surgical incision and the patch is placed at a deep level, the postoperative pain is significantly reduced and the recovery is rapid, and normal activities can generally be resumed in about a week, and there are foreign reports of athletes participating in the Tour de France 3 weeks after surgery; the incidence of chronic postoperative pain and discomfort is reduced in the long term, and the recurrence rate of hernia repair is generally controlled satisfactorily at present, and the assessment of the efficacy The main differences in the assessment of the efficacy are in the postoperative recovery and the incidence of chronic pain. The anterior approach to tension-free hernia repair cannot completely avoid the occurrence of chronic pain due to nerve injury because the three nerves in the inguinal region (inferior iliac abdominal, inguinal iliac and genitofemoral nerves) are located in the area of surgery, whereas laparoscopic surgery has significant advantages in this regard. In addition, because of the deep patch placement, the local scarring and edema are light, and the postoperative local discomfort is reduced, improving the quality of life after surgery. From the mechanical point of view, a hernia means a “leak” in the abdominal wall, and the purpose of surgery is to “plug the leak”, and the closer to the starting point of the leak, the better the result. For fear of recurrence, strenuous activity should be avoided for 3 months after anterior approach tension-free repair, whereas there is no restriction on activity after laparoscopy. The main problem with laparoscopic hernia repair at present is the high cost, which is roughly 1.5*2 times higher than that of anterior approach surgery in general. Currently, there are two main types of laparoscopic hernia surgery: transabdominal (TAPP) and total extraperitoneal (TEP). TEP does not require access to the abdominal cavity and has low complications and costs of surgery, while TAPP has the same surgical results, but serious complications such as intestinal obstruction and intestinal perforation have been reported. Thus, TEP surgery is basically preferred at home and abroad.