The ductus arteriosus is the physiological blood flow channel between the aorta and the pulmonary artery during fetal life. Under normal conditions, functional closure occurs a few hours after birth, followed by overlapping ductal endothelium, disintegration of the inner layer, necrosis, and progressive replacement by fibrous tissue to form the ductus arteriosus ligament. In abnormal cases, the duct remains open and becomes an unclosed ductus arteriosus. The thickness and length of the unclosed duct vary and its diameter can range from 0.1-2 cm. The presence of an unclosed ductus arteriosus creates a “left-to-right” shunt at the level of the pulmonary artery, resulting in increased pulmonary blood, increased blood flow to the left heart system, and increased pulmonary artery pressure. When the pulmonary artery pressure increases further with the course of the disease and approaches or exceeds the aortic pressure, a “bidirectional” or “right-to-left” shunt can be produced, resulting in Eisenmenger syndrome. In the case of small ductus arteriosus, there are no obvious symptoms and surgical treatment can be considered around the age of 1 year if it does not affect growth and development. In the case of coarse ductus arteriosus, obvious clinical symptoms appear in infancy, such as recurrent respiratory infections, feeding difficulties, weight gain, and shortness of breath. Surgical treatment is recommended for these children after detection. Pneumonia can increase the risk for the child and cause great financial loss to the family. For children with simple ductus arteriosus, if they do not have other malformations or infections, according to the policy of Henan Province, children who participate in the New Agricultural Cooperative (children born in the same year whose mothers have agricultural cooperative) are eligible for free surgical treatment (all medical expenses from hospitalization to hospital discharge).