Attention to the prevention and control of stomach stones in autumn and winter?

    Autumn is a favorite season in Beijing, with high clouds, red leaves, and a variety of seasonal fruits that will whet your appetite. However, while enjoying nature’s generous gifts, we cannot help but pay attention to the prevention of gastric stones.  Gastric calculi are insoluble stones formed by food and foreign bodies in the stomach. In foreign literature, hairy gastric stones and hairy phytogastric stones are mainly reported, while in China, phytogastric stones (persimmon gastric stones, hawthorn gastric stones, etc.) are common. Because persimmons, hawthorn and black dates contain a large amount of tannins, gums and gum phenols, after eating such foods on an empty stomach, these substances will react chemically with gastric juice to produce insoluble precipitates, which will gather into large masses under the mechanical action of gastric peristalsis. The size and hardness of gastric stones are positively correlated with the amount of persimmons, black dates, hawthorn and other foods consumed and the time of consultation. Phytoliths are also more common in post-gastrectomy patients with vagotomy and in patients with impaired gastric emptying.  Patients with gastric stone often present with general gastrointestinal manifestations such as epigastric pain, bloating, belching, loss of appetite, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting and upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which may also be accompanied by weight loss. In addition to epigastric pain, a small number of masses can be detected, and there are usually no special signs. The literature reports that 70%-80% of patients with gastric stone have gastric ulcer. In our clinical data, the incidence of ulceration was 72%, which is consistent with the literature. The ulcers were pressure damage, which was related to the duration of the disease. When the gastric stone is removed, the concomitant gastric ulcer will heal spontaneously without treatment.  Barium x-ray is also an effective tool for the diagnosis of gastric stone, which is characterized by a filling defect in the stomach that can move during postural changes, but needs to be differentiated from gastric cancer. Endoscopy is the best way to diagnose gastric stones and is the main method of treatment for gastric stones.  The treatment of gastric stone can be divided into drug lithotripsy, endoscopic lithotripsy, and surgical lithotripsy. Due to the unsatisfactory effect of drug lithotripsy and the traumatic effect of surgery, endoscopic treatment of gastric stone has been developed in recent years with the development of endoscopic technology, and has become the main means of treatment of gastric stone. There are more and more endoscopic treatment methods for gastric lithotripsy, including local spray and injection lithotripsy, microblast lithotripsy, lithotripsy with trap, lithotripsy with bone drill, lithotripsy with laser, lithotripsy with four-jaw clamp, lithotripsy with high frequency electricity or microwave, etc. Our treatment experience is that the combination of intragastric injection of sodium bicarbonate and lithotripsy with trap lithotripsy is simple and convenient, does not require complicated equipment, short operation time, less patient pain, good treatment effect, low cost, and is worthy to be promoted in primary hospitals.