Airway hyperresponsiveness refers to the strong and rapid contractile response of the airway to stimulus factors, which is manifested by the strong cough caused by the contraction of the airway when subjected to external stimuli. Common causes include airway inflammation, when the airway is subjected to allergens or external stimuli, a variety of inflammatory cells, inflammatory mediators and cytokines involved in the inflammatory response, as well as damage to the airway epithelium and intra-epithelial nerves can lead to hyperresponsive cough, and common diseases include bronchial asthma. Patients with hyperresponsive cough should seek medical attention, find and avoid allergens, and receive standardized treatment under the guidance of a doctor. At the same time, patients with hyperresponsive airways should try to avoid contact with external stimuli, such as cold air, dust and fumes and other allergens.