The gene for thalassemia is the thalassemia gene and the DNA fragment that causes the development of thalassemia. DNA is the genetic material of the human body, but not all DNA is hereditary, only certain segments of DNA are hereditary, and if mutations occur in the hereditary DNA segments, they can easily cause various pathologies. Thalassemia is caused by mutations in the genes involved in the synthesis of β- or α-jucin peptide chains, resulting in impaired synthesis of jucin and eventually β- or α-thalassemia. Thalassemia is a hereditary disease and there is no specific cure, only regular blood transfusion treatment.