Today, we will briefly talk about cardiac tumors. In fact, cardiac tumors are indeed rare, and they can be divided into two categories: primary tumors and secondary tumors. The most common primary cardiac tumor is cardiac mucinous tumor, while other tumors such as lipoma, teratoma, fibroma, rhabdomyoma and hemangioma are rare; the most common primary malignant cardiac tumor is sarcoma, while other tumors are mesothelioma, malignant lymphoma and malignant teratoma. Secondary cardiac tumors are usually metastases from malignant tumors in other parts of the body, and the metastatic routes include direct invasion, hematogenous dissemination and lymphatic metastasis. Metastases to the heart or pericardium are usually advanced manifestations, and most of them are beyond radical resection. The purpose of surgical treatment is to relieve symptoms, support treatment, relieve pain and prolong life. (A) Cardiac mucinous tumor Here we will focus on the most common and best treated cardiac mucinous tumor in clinical practice. The incidence of cardiac mucinous tumor (also known as “mucinous tumor”) varies from report to report, but the incidence rate reported in China is higher than that in foreign countries, and is more common in women, with a male to female ratio of about 1:2. The cause of cardiac mucinous neoplasm is unclear. Some patients have familial aggregation, suggesting that it may be genetically related, but the majority of patients with the disseminated form do not have significant chromosomal abnormalities. The smooth surface of mucinous tumors, which resemble translucent jelly tissue, has a very brittle texture and is easily broken, which is why it can be so harmful – many patients are clinically found to have a cardiac mucinous tumor with body circulation embolism as the first symptom and further examination. When the tumor is small in size, no obvious clinical symptoms will appear. Only larger and specifically located tumors can cause relative stenosis of the valves, a heart murmur or even heart failure, which can lead to the discovery of this disease. In addition, as mentioned earlier, the incidence of embolism in this disease is high, up to 40%, and this embolism often tends to occur in the brain, thus can have more serious clinical consequences. Many patients also have systemic symptoms of the tumor, such as malaise, fever, weight loss, skin erythema, arthralgia, myalgia, anemia, accelerated sedimentation, leukocytosis, and increased plasma C-reactive protein and globulin levels, but such symptoms are atypical and less specific and do not allow us to think of screening for cardiac mucinous tumors in the first place. Echocardiography is the most powerful diagnostic weapon for this disease, and experienced sonographers can obtain a high rate of confirmation by transthoracic echocardiography. Currently, once the disease is diagnosed by echocardiography, the size and location of the tumor and its anatomical relationship with adjacent important structures need to be further defined by cardiac CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to determine the extent of surgical resection. Once a cardiac mucinous tumor is diagnosed, immediate surgical treatment must be sought. This is because larger tumors can block valve openings and lead to heart failure or even cardiac arrest, and cerebral embolism caused by dislodged tumor plugs can also lead to death, which is a tragic event that is seen frequently in clinical practice. Therefore, once an echocardiogram reveals an occupying lesion in the heart, the patient must strictly limit strenuous activities and live slowly, steadily and gently in daily life, while arranging for surgery as soon as possible. Patients with routine cardiac surgery who have fever, heart failure, anemia and increased sedimentation are generally considered as contraindications to surgery, while patients with cardiac mucinous tumors need specific analysis. If these symptoms are considered to be caused by mucinous tumors, surgery should be performed immediately and these symptoms will disappear after surgery; if they are caused by infective endocarditis with high fever and heart failure, surgery should not be performed in a hurry and the infection and heart failure should be controlled first to avoid serious If the tumor is blocking the mitral valve orifice and causing heart failure, surgery should not be performed urgently. If the tumor blocks the mitral valve orifice causing acute heart failure and acute pulmonary edema, and there is no improvement after active medical treatment, the patient should also meet the difficulties and undergo emergency surgery, but if the patient is in coma after cerebral embolism, surgery is not advisable, otherwise he may never wake up after surgery. The surgical result of cardiac mucinous tumor is still very good. The mortality rate is about 5% in 30 days after surgery, and according to statistics, recurrence occurs in 5%-14% of patients in about 2 years, and the cause of recurrence is unclear. Patients with recurrence can be operated again, but the difficulty of surgical resection increases significantly compared with the first operation. (b) Cardiac sarcoma Cardiac sarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the heart. Again, the early stage can be asymptomatic, resulting in rapid deterioration of the patient’s condition once symptoms appear, often with intractable heart failure, various arrhythmias, hemopericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade, vena cava obstruction syndrome, and metastasis to the lungs and bones. The aim of surgical treatment is to relieve the symptoms, such as decompression by pericardiocentesis in patients with hemopericardial effusion that causes occlusion. The prognosis of cardiac malignancy is extremely poor. After surgical removal of sarcoma in the atrial region, the survival time is slightly longer, but usually also death is mostly within 1 year, and individual patients can survive for 2 years.