Squamous epithelial cells are the normal epithelial tissue of the human body and are named squamous epithelial cells because of their scaly appearance under the microscope. Squamous epithelial cells are mainly derived from genitourinary organs such as the ureter, bladder, uterus, and vaginal surface, and are the most abundant component of urinary exfoliated cells. The state of the squamous epithelium reflects the specific condition of the tissue, and the presence of pathological changes in the tissue can be determined by monitoring the squamous epithelium. The growth and differentiation of the squamous epithelium is primarily influenced by estrogen produced by the ovaries, whereas progesterone acts to induce epithelial cell shedding. Squamous epithelial cell abnormalities are considered to be closely related to chronic cervicitis or cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia. Once squamous epithelial cell abnormalities are detected, it is necessary to immediately go to the hospital for examination and be alert for cell malignancy.