First aid measures for common sudden illnesses: 1. Heimlich maneuver, a method mainly applied to acute respiratory foreign body obstruction. 2. cardiopulmonary resuscitation, including chest compressions, open airway, artificial respiration, electric defibrillation, drug resuscitation. 3. dressing hemostasis, usually used for acute injury after wound bleeding, generally give a clean dressing pressure dressing to stop bleeding, if there is a large vascular injury, pressure dressing can not stop bleeding. 4. If a large vascular injury occurs and the pressure dressing cannot stop the bleeding, the limb proximal to the wound can be tied to block the blood flow and stop the bleeding. 4, fracture fixation, spinal fractures are usually fixed with a neck circumference, lumbar circumference, and in the case of limb fractures, external fixation with a splint can be applied. 5, spinal transport, generally used for patients with spinal fractures, the application of flat or spinal transport plate transport.