Stomach cancer is a very common malignant tumor with a very high incidence rate, which is a great threat to human health. However, if patients can pay attention to it, they can detect the symptoms in time. So do you know what are the early symptoms of stomach cancer, what are the causes of stomach cancer, and what are the treatment and prevention methods of stomach cancer? Let’s take a look at the following contents.
Stomach cancer is caused by many factors. However, if this disease is in its early stage, it is very treatable, so we should understand its early symptoms.
Lack of energy and anemia
In fact, weakness and anemia are quite common in daily life. Some teenagers with irregular diet and partial diet will have weakness after a long time, but the symptoms may not be particularly obvious, so they are too lazy to go to hospital for related examination. For mild weakness and anemia, it is recommended to go for a simple checkup and take medication for a period of time to see the effect. If the symptoms do not improve after a period of medication, or if the symptoms recur after the medication has improved, it is necessary to go to the hospital in time to see a doctor. It is advisable to consult a doctor as soon as the problem is detected, as this is the safest way.
Frequent black stools or positive fecal occult blood
If you have black stools without eating blood tofu and taking bismuth and other drugs, you should go for a checkup as soon as possible. In order to avoid more serious consequences.
Loss of appetite, emaciation, and weakness
Loss of appetite with or without stomach pain may be the early symptom of gastric cancer. However, early symptoms of gastric cancer should be distinguished from those of hepatitis patients. Patients with hepatitis often have elevated aminotransferase as well as fever, fatigue, yellow urine and jaundice. Some patients automatically restrict their daily diet due to bloating and belching after eating, resulting in weight loss, emaciation and weakness. As for some special causes of loss of appetite, emaciation and weakness, they should be relatively different from the early symptoms of stomach cancer.
Nausea and vomiting
Early symptoms of gastric cancer may include a feeling of fullness after eating and mild nausea, and in severe cases, it may be accompanied by tumor in the cardia, and it may start with eating disorder! As nausea and vomiting will gradually develop into difficulty in swallowing and food reflux. Further development of gastric sinus cancer may result in vomiting due to pyloric obstruction.
Upper abdominal fullness and discomfort
These are some symptoms that many patients with gastric cancer may exhibit. According to the characteristics of gastric cancer patients, nearly half of early gastric cancer patients have no clinical symptoms, but only symptoms similar to indigestion, such as noisy feeling in upper abdomen, vague pain, slight fullness, pain, nausea and belching. However, the appearance of such symptoms does not mean that it is the clinical manifestation of early gastric cancer. These symptoms can also be seen in chronic gastritis, ulcer disease, functional dyspepsia, etc. Even some normal people may occasionally have similar symptoms.
Causes
1. Geographical environment and dietary and living factors
There are obvious geographical differences in the incidence of gastric cancer, and the incidence rate of gastric cancer in northwest and eastern coastal areas of China is significantly higher than that in southern areas. The high incidence of distal gastric cancer in people who consume fumigated and salted food for a long time is related to the high content of carcinogens or former carcinogens such as nitrite, fungal toxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in food; the risk of gastric cancer in smokers is 50% higher than that in nonsmokers.
2. Helicobacter pylori infection
The rate of Hp infection in adults in China’s high incidence area of gastric cancer is over 60%. H. pylori can promote the conversion of nitrate into nitrite and nitrosamines and cause cancer; Hp infection causes chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa plus environmental pathogenic factors accelerate the overproliferation of mucosal epithelial cells, leading to aberration and cancer; the toxic products of H. pylori, CagA and VacA, may have cancer-promoting effects, and the detection rate of anti-CagA antibody in gastric cancer patients is significantly higher than that of the general population.
3. Precancerous lesions
Gastric diseases include gastric polyps, chronic atrophic gastritis and residual stomach after partial gastrectomy. These lesions may be accompanied by chronic inflammatory process of different degrees, intestinal epithelial hyperplasia or atypical hyperplasia of gastric mucosa, which may be transformed into cancer. Precancerous lesions refer to pathological histological changes in the gastric mucosa that are prone to cancer, and are junctional pathological changes in the process of transformation from benign epithelial tissue to cancer. The heterogeneous hyperplasia of gastric mucosa epithelium is a precancerous lesion, which can be classified as mild, moderate or severe according to the degree of cell heterogeneity, and it is sometimes difficult to distinguish severe heterogeneous hyperplasia from well differentiated early gastric cancer.
4. Genetics and genes
Genetic and molecular biology studies show that the incidence of gastric cancer is four times higher in blood relatives of gastric cancer patients than in the control group. The carcinogenesis of gastric cancer is a multifactorial, multi-step and multi-stage development process, involving changes in oncogenes, oncogenes, apoptosis-related genes and metastasis-related genes, and the forms of genetic changes are also various.
When people talk about gastric cancer, they always fall into the misconception that there is no cure and no medical treatment available. With the rapid development of modern medicine, there are certain treatment methods and means for cancer, which is the most difficult to be cured. Stomach cancer can also be treated, which is a blessing to millions of cancer patients. Here are some modern conventional and mature treatment methods.
1. Surgical treatment
(1) Radical surgery
The principle is to remove part or all of the stomach, including the cancer foci and the potentially infiltrated stomach wall, and to remove the lymph nodes around the stomach and reconstruct the digestive tract according to the clinical staging criteria.
(2) Palliative surgery
The primary focus cannot be removed, and surgery is performed to relieve symptoms caused by complications such as obstruction, perforation and bleeding, such as gastrojejunostomy, jejunostomy, perforation repair, etc.
2. Chemotherapy
It is used before, during and after radical surgery to prolong the survival period. Appropriate amount of chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer patients can slow down the development of tumor, improve symptoms and have certain recent effects. In principle, adjuvant chemotherapy is not necessary after radical surgery for early gastric cancer, while patients with high malignancy of pathological type; cancer foci larger than 5 cm; multiple cancer foci; and age below 40 years should undergo chemotherapy. Those with progressive gastric cancer after radical surgery, after palliative surgery, or recurrence after radical surgery need chemotherapy.
The common routes of chemotherapy administration for gastric cancer include oral administration, intravenous and peritoneal administration, and regional perfusion administration by arterial cannulation. Commonly used oral chemotherapeutic agents include tegafur, eflornithine, fluorotiron, etc. Commonly used intravenous chemotherapeutic agents include fluorouracil, mitomycin, cisplatin, amoxicillin, etoposide, calcium formyl tetrahydrofolate, etc. In recent years, new chemotherapeutic drugs such as paclitaxel, platinum oxalate, toprolase inhibitor and Siroda are used for gastric cancer.
3.Other treatments
Including radiotherapy, thermotherapy, immunotherapy, Chinese herbal medicine treatment, etc. Immunotherapy for gastric cancer includes non-specific biological response modifiers such as BCG vaccine and mushroom polysaccharide; cytokines such as interleukin, interferon, tumor necrosis factor, etc.; and clinical applications of peripatetic immunotherapy such as lymphocyte-activated post-killer cells (IAK), tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), etc. Anti-angiogenic gene is a well-studied gene therapy that may play a role in the treatment of gastric cancer.
Prevention of gastric cancer
1.Prevent intake of fried, smoked and salted food
The young people usually eat smoked, high-salt, spicy food and love smoking and drinking, which can damage the abnormal function of the gastrointestinal tract. The actual fact is that these foods are transformed into nitrites in the stomach, the latter of which is closely related to the production of stomach cancer.
2, do not stay up late, keep hammering body
The young people should develop a good lifestyle, go to bed early and wake up early without staying up late. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on a lot of things.
The actual fact is that the actual fact is that the particulars of the actuals are not really a lot of.
The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on their own. In fact, otherwise, through the night, the stomach is full, the urgent need to consume a certain amount of food to neutralize the stomach acid.
The early symptoms of gastric cancer are not obvious, so many people treat it as a common stomach disease, and the final result is that the condition deteriorates, making it more difficult to treat. Therefore, we should not take it lightly when we find that we are not feeling well, and we should go to the hospital for examination in time, so as not to miss the best treatment time of the disease.