Pediatric febrile convulsions: sudden involuntary contractions of generalized or localized skeletal muscle groups, often accompanied by impaired consciousness. The incidence in pediatric patients is about 4-7%, 10-15 times higher than that in adults.
Characteristics of pediatric convulsions
Higher incidence with younger age.
a tendency to frequent seizures and even to persistent states of convulsions
frequent atypical convulsive episodes in neonates and infants, manifested by nondescript episodes such as apnea, cyanosis, and gaze
the main cause of the high incidence of pediatric convulsions
Incomplete development of the cerebral cortex.
Incomplete formation of the neuromyelin sheath, which is poorly insulated and protected.
poor blood-brain barrier function.
Clinical manifestations of pediatric convulsions
Typical manifestations of convulsive seizures
Loss of consciousness, eyes upturned or squinted, head tilted back, foaming at the mouth, blue lips, tonic or spasmodic jerking of the limbs.
Neonatal convulsions: atypical performance, twitching at the corners of the eyes, face and mouth, change in respiratory rhythm or irregular movement of the limbs, etc. Persistent convulsions: Convulsions lasting more than 30 minutes, or interictal interval without recovery of consciousness.
Several common diseases of pediatric convulsions
febrile convulsions.
Toxic encephalopathy.
intracranial infections.
Epilepsy.
Vitamin D deficiency tetanus.
Febrile convulsions: Convulsions due to any extracranial infection causing high fever, with an incidence of 3-4%, of which those caused by upper respiratory tract infections are the most common, accounting for more than 70%.
Management of febrile convulsions.
1. First aid measures
General treatment.
Keep quiet and prohibit all unnecessary stimulation.
Timely removal of secretions from the throat.
In severe cases, administer oxygen to reduce hypoxic brain damage.
Control of convulsions.
Pharmacological antispasmodics.
Valium (diazepam).
Phenobarbital.
Chloral hydrate.
Acupuncture antispasmodics.
Renzhong and Hegu.
2. Symptomatic treatment
Antipyretic.
Lowering cranial pressure.
3. Etiological treatment
Anti-infective treatment.
Correction of metabolic disorders.
Anti-epileptic etc.