Patients with diabetes mellitus have lower immunity than normal people and often have co-infections, and patients with severe infections may develop perianal abscesses. Therefore, effective and targeted nursing interventions for patients with perianal abscess combined with diabetes mellitus before and after surgery can help patients recover. Pre-operative care includes: 1. psychological care: nursing staff should take the initiative to communicate with patients, explain the effect of surgery on disease treatment, and increase confidence in treatment; 2. blood glucose control care: nursing staff should strictly control patients’ blood glucose before surgery to maintain it in the normal blood glucose range, and closely observe patients’ blood glucose and blood pressure. Postoperative care includes: 1. monitoring vital signs care: nursing staff should closely monitor the patient’s vital signs, immediately report any adverse reactions to the student, and promptly deal with related problems; 2. reducing postoperative patient infection care: nursing staff should select the more effective broad-spectrum antibiotics for injection after the patient’s surgery based on the results of drug sensitivity test and bacterial culture test results, in order to control infection and reduce Give patients dietary care: nursing staff should strengthen monitoring of patients’ blood glucose and instruct patients to strictly follow the diabetic diet, with low-sugar, low-starch foods or coarse grains and vegetables as staple foods, and eat less and more meals; 4. Perianal abscess care: for constipation and difficult defecation, massage can be given to acupuncture points such as Daheng, Feosanli and Zhonggui to assist in treatment. In conclusion: psychological care before can improve patients’ confidence in treatment, and care such as monitoring blood sugar and timely communication with patients can alleviate patients’ bad mood. Nursing staff give patients dietary care and health guidance care after surgery, use skillful nursing methods to improve the effect of care and shorten the postoperative hospital stay, which has a positive effect on the patient’s healing.