Cranial defects are a common disorder. Many traumatic brain injury, cerebral hemorrhage and other cranial disorders may produce high cranial pressure, which usually requires neurosurgeons to perform decompression surgery to save the patient’s life, and part of the skull has to be sacrificed, thus leaving a cranial defect after surgery; in addition, this kind of brain injury may be complicated by hydrocephalus, which is also a common situation encountered in neurosurgery clinical work. Can cranial repair and shunt surgery be done together? For cranial defects, cranial repair surgery is generally recommended in about three months; for hydrocephalus, the classical clinical treatment is generally cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery, such as the commonly used ventriculoperitoneal shunt, ventriculothoracic shunt, ventriculoatrial shunt, etc. If a cranial defect is combined with hydrocephalus, can cranial repair and shunt surgery be done together? Cranial defect combined with hydrocephalus needs to be treated in different cases Can patients with cranial defect combined with hydrocephalus undergo cranial repair and bypass surgery at the same time? It is a case by case basis. If there is no intracranial infection, no other conditions, and the cerebrospinal fluid is up to standard and clear, cranial repair and shunt surgery can be performed at the same time; if the patient also has intracranial infection or impurities in the cerebrospinal fluid, which is not up to standard, treatment of intracranial infection should be controlled first, and cerebrospinal fluid should be purified, then shunt surgery should be performed, and then cranial repair should be performed after the condition is stabilized; there is another situation where hydrocephalus may be related to or caused by a cranial defect, and after cranial repair, hydrocephalus can resolve on its own without the need for shunting, and this situation also exists. These require a neurosurgeon to determine the treatment plan scientifically after a comprehensive evaluation based on the specific condition. Cranial repair requires high level of repair material and operation It is worth mentioning that although cranial repair surgery is a routine surgery in neurosurgery, it still requires high level of cranial repair material and operator’s operation. Currently, polyether ether ketone PEEK is a very ideal material for cranial repair. It is a special polymer material, and its hardness, stiffness, strength, elasticity, thermal insulation, stability, radiolucency, and shaping effect are all comparable to that of autologous cranial bone. Skull defects combined with hydrocephalus and other conditions can be properly solved Currently, polyether ether ketone PEEK is widely used in clinical practice as a cranial repair material, and is constantly being improved and upgraded and optimally designed, and the concept of cosmetic surgery is innovatively introduced, so that PEEK cranial repair and plastic surgery can be carried out in an integrated manner, achieving organic unity of structural restoration, functional perfection, and aesthetic appearance. At the same time, with our comprehensive neurosurgical capabilities, patients with cranial defects combined with other difficult intracranial conditions (such as hydrocephalus, dystonia, smoker’s disease, cerebrovascular malformations, etc.) can be properly resolved.