Why is functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty: fear is a burden?

  In recent years, several new theories have emerged that attempt to explain the relationship between chronic pain and disability, one of which is the fear-avoidance model, which focuses on the role that emotion, cognition, and behavior play in the management of chronic pain and disability. When pain is perceived as harmful, pain-related fear increases.  Although the effect of fear of movement psychology on disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis has been studied, the effect of fear of movement psychology on functional recovery in patients with knee osteoarthritis after surgery has not been investigated. To assess the effect of fear of exercise on functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with knee osteoarthritis and to examine whether fear of exercise is more common in obese patients compared to non-obese patients, Dr. Doury-Panchout of France conducted a study published in the November e-journal of Eur J Phys Rehabil Med.  The trial included 89 consecutive patients admitted to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit at the Hospital de Ch?teau-Renault in France after TKA. The trial assessed patient functional outcomes using maximum passive knee flexion angle, pain intensity, days in hospital, and a 6-minute walk test. The Tampa Fear of Kinesiology Scale (TSK) was used to assess fear of kinesiology scores. Patient obesity was assessed by calculating BMI. And multiple linear stepwise regression was used to identify independent predictors significantly associated with distance in the 6-minute walk test.  Based on the TSK score patients were divided into two groups: those without fear of exercise (<40 points) and those with fear of exercise (>40 points). In the 6-minute walk test, patients without motor phobia walked significantly faster than those with motor phobia. However, there was no significant difference in the number of days in hospital, pain level and maximum passive flexion angle between the two groups.  It was also found that the score of somatic focus in the TSK score was significantly positively correlated with the number of days of hospitalization and significantly negatively correlated with the 6-minute walking distance. The TSK score for activity avoidance was also significantly negatively correlated with 6-minute walking distance. The study concluded that fear of exercise psychology was a better predictor of performance on the 6-minute walk ability test after TKA in patients with knee osteoarthritis, especially when evaluating the subscale of activity avoidance.  In addition, compared to non-obese patients, obese patients were younger, had greater pain intensity at the beginning of their hospitalization, and scored significantly higher on the TSK score for activity avoidance. Although the overall TSK scores were higher in the obese group, they were not statistically different.  Since patients without pain fear were more likely to initiate daily activities and recover function more quickly. Therefore, the investigators concluded that cognitive and behavioral factors affect functional recovery in patients after TKA and suggested that patients after TKA should be assessed and given targeted interventions to assist their functional recovery during early inpatient rehabilitation.