Refractory gastrointestinal bleeding is difficult to diagnose and often has a poor outcome due to critical condition, unknown cause of bleeding, difficult to identify the site, poor internal hemostasis, inability to tolerate reoperation or difficulty of surgery, and is one of the lethal complications of congenital vascular malformations of the gastrointestinal tract and malignant tumors. The traditional treatment for gastrointestinal bleeding is medical treatment and surgical treatment. Most patients with GI bleeding can be controlled with medical medication, and only about 5% to 10% of patients with major bleeding require surgical treatment. However, surgery is very traumatic, and some older or critically ill patients are often unable to withstand the trauma of surgery, and patients with unclear bleeding sites or contraindications to surgery cannot be treated surgically. Therefore, the development of interventional therapeutics and the emergence of transcatheter embolization and transcatheter infusion of vasoconstrictive drug therapy have opened up new ways of treating gastrointestinal bleeding. When the bleeding rate is not less than 0.5 ml per minute, it can be detected by interventional imaging. However, there are not many opportunities to show direct signs of bleeding with contrast spillage, but indirect manifestations of pre-existing lesions such as tumors, vascular malformations, and inflammation are shown by contrast, which can greatly increase the positive contrast rate. Interventional techniques can be used to diagnose and treat gastrointestinal bleeding by imaging and embolizing the blood vessels of the gastrointestinal tract, and are an important means of treating gastrointestinal bleeding, with features and advantages that traditional pharmacological and surgical treatments do not have, such as accurate judgment, rapid hemostasis, minor trauma, and wide range of indications.