The mention of a colonoscopy makes many people’s hearts skip a beat. It takes a whole day in advance, and the hard days begin – not daring to eat, only drinking water, waiting for the intestines to become a little bit empty, and starving to the point of limb weakness —– Have you ever experienced a colonoscopy? What symptoms are present that require a colonoscopy? How to review after polypectomy? What diseases should I be especially wary of? What should be the correct preparation before doing the examination? Come, listen to what the professional doctor said. Don’t take polyps improperly, it may also turn into cancer! A colonoscopy is a test that looks at the lining of the human large intestine. The large intestine is also known as the colon. Often, doctors recommend that patients have a screening colonoscopy to check for polyps or cancer in the colon or rectum. Polyps are unwanted growths in the colon that may turn into cancer, and about 85 percent of colorectal cancers evolve from them. Early polyps and cancers are usually small enough to be easily cured or treated, but they can be difficult to detect, so they need to be prepared for bowel cleansing. If the bowel is not prepared properly, it can easily interfere with the doctor’s vision and cause a missed diagnosis. When these conditions occur, it’s time for colon cancer screening! Doctors recommend that most people start getting screened for colon cancer at age 50. Some people have an increased chance of developing colon cancer due to family history or certain diseases. These people may start screening at a younger age. Your doctor may order a colonoscopy if you have: 1) blood in your stool; 2) a change in your bowel habits; 3) unexplained anemia with significant fatigue and weakness; 4) unexplained chronic abdominal or rectal pain; 5) different types of colon exams with different results; and 6) a history of colon cancer or polyps. What are the contraindications to good bowel preparation? Although most patients are able to perform bowel cleansing preparations, they are contraindicated in some cases. Oral preparations should not be used in patients with any of the following conditions: 1) intestinal obstruction; 2) significant gastric retention; 3) suspected or confirmed mechanical intestinal obstruction; 4) severe inflammatory or infectious colitis; and 5) neurologic or cognitive deficits that would prevent safe swallowing. In addition, some patients have contraindications to the use of specific colonoscopy preparations. What are the conditions that require repeat colonoscopy? Periodic follow-up colonoscopy is required after colorectal cancer surgery. Patients who have undergone surgery for colorectal cancer generally need a follow-up colonoscopy every 6 months to 1 year. If the colonoscopy fails to examine the entire colon due to obstruction before surgery, a colonoscopy should be performed at 3 months after surgery to identify the presence of colon polyps or colon cancer in other parts of the body. After the removal of adenomatous polyps, the review time is 6 months, one year, three years, if not found to grow new polyps, and thereafter every 5-10 years to review can be. To understand the precancerous lesions of bowel cancer The precancerous lesions of bowel cancer, there are 3 precancerous lesions of bowel cancer: 1. Colorectal adenomas: Including tubular adenomas, choriocarpous adenomas, mixed adenomas, familial polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers-type polyps, serrated adenomas and so on. Colorectal adenomas are closely related to colon cancer. Morson believes that most colon cancers are histologically derived from pre-existing benign adenomas, and their cancerous process is adenoma → carcinoma in situ → invasive carcinoma, and the whole process generally takes several years, and those who are slow need about 10 years, and those who are fast can be cancerous in less than 2 years. Once the cancerous foci occur in adenocarcinoma, it will develop rapidly to form clinically recognizable shapes under the action of cancer-promoting substances, and even larger adenomas with multicenter cancerous foci can form ulcerative cancer within 1 year. Early treatment of colorectal adenoma is an important measure to prevent colorectal cancer. Therefore, colorectal adenomas should be removed as early as possible once they occur. Most colorectal adenomatous polyps do not require open surgery and can be removed completely endoscopically with less pain to the patient, fewer complications, lower cost, simultaneous resection of multiple polyps, and collection of resected samples for pathohistologic examination. Because the recurrence rate after resection of colorectal adenomas is as high as 30%, the risk of recurrence, especially in the first year after surgery, is 16 times higher than that of a normal population of the same age. Therefore, it is advocated that colonoscopy or gas-barium double contrast should be made every six months for at least 4 years after surgery, and the first examination should be carried out 6 to 12 weeks after surgery in order to prevent incomplete resection. 2, inflammatory bowel disease: Inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, its etiology is not yet very clear, but may be closely related to immune factors, the main lesions in the colon, characterized by non-specific inflammation, accompanied by proliferative polyp formation, recurrent and prolonged. Research shows that the chance of inflammatory bowel disease complicating colorectal cancer is significantly higher than that of normal people, and the incidence of cancer is about 5%; however, if the course of the disease is more than 10 years, the incidence of cancer is as high as 20%. Therefore, early treatment of inflammatory lesions and regular follow-up colonoscopy is an important measure for colon cancer prevention. 3, Chronic inflammation of colon: The chance of colorectal cancer in patients with schistosomiasis and amoebic enteropathy is significantly higher than that in normal population. It has been reported that in 1193 cases of colorectal cancer pathology specimens in endemic areas, the combined rate of schistosomiasis is 10.8%, and in 1974, Zhejiang Province reported that in the endemic area of schistosomiasis, the prevalence of colorectal cancer was 44.19/100,000, which is much higher than that in non-endemic areas. Therefore, chronic inflammation of colon and schistosomiasis should be treated thoroughly as early as possible to prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer. Regarding rectal cancer, attention should also be paid to these 4 points! 1, blood in stool ≠ hemorrhoids! The incidence of hemorrhoids is very high, and blood in stool is the most common clinical manifestation of hemorrhoids, so many people think that blood in stool is caused by hemorrhoids. This view is extremely wrong, because many other diseases can also cause blood in the stool, such as colon cancer, rectal cancer, anal fissure, rectal hemangioma and so on. 2. Blood in stool is the most important clinical manifestation of colorectal cancer. At the same time, blood in stool is also a common symptom of dozens of anorectal diseases, such as hemorrhoids, anal fissure, enteritis, etc. Therefore, the real cause of the disease can not be clarified purely based on blood in stool. Repeatedly blood in the stool, black stool, should be timely to the regular hospital colonoscopy, so as not to delay the diagnosis. 3, hemorrhoids will not cause rectal cancer, but hemorrhoids can be accompanied by rectal cancer. Hemorrhoids is a benign disease, will not evolve into rectal cancer, but patients with hemorrhoids can also get rectal cancer. It should be highly emphasized. 4, hemorrhoids patients blood in the stool for a long time should be highly suspected of rectal cancer. The main symptom of hemorrhoids and rectal cancer is blood in stool. Some patients have hemorrhoids history, so as long as there is blood in stool, they think it is hemorrhoids bleeding. The blood in stool caused by rectal cancer will also improve after using hemorrhoid suppository, but after a period of time, blood in stool will appear again, which is recurring and not cured for a long time. At this time, you should go to a regular hospital as soon as possible for rectal fingerprinting and colonoscopy in order to exclude the possibility of colorectal cancer.