Currently, tuberculosis is the cause of infertility in women, mainly female genital tuberculosis, which is a tuberculous lesion of the genital organs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, also known as tuberculous pelvic inflammatory disease. Tuberculosis of the fallopian tubes is the most common. The main routes of transmission of female genital tuberculosis are: hematogenous infection (90%); direct transmission via the peritoneum; retrograde transmission via the abdominal lymph nodes and direct infection via the vagina upstream. The fallopian tubes are often invaded first, followed by the endometrium, ovaries, cervix, and pelvis; invasion of the vagina and vulva is rare. Female genital tuberculosis is often secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis, intestinal tuberculosis, and lymph node tuberculosis. Tuberculosis of the fallopian tubes accounts for about 85% to 95% of female genital tuberculosis and is mostly bilateral. Tubal tuberculosis and endometrial tuberculosis are the most likely causes of infertility. Tubal adhesions caused by tuberculosis can occlude the fallopian tubes and prevent sperm and eggs from uniting; endometrial tuberculosis caused by tuberculosis can destroy the endometrium and prevent fertilized eggs from being laid. According to some statistics, about 5-10% of infertile women are caused by genital tuberculosis. The clinical presentation of female genital tuberculosis is very variable, with many patients being asymptomatic and others having very severe symptoms. The possibility of genital tuberculosis should be considered when the patient has primary infertility, scanty menstruation or amenorrhea, when an unmarried young woman has low fever, night sweats, pelvic inflammatory disease or ascites, when chronic pelvic inflammatory disease is untreated, especially when there is a history of past contact with tuberculosis or when she has had pulmonary tuberculosis, pleurisy or intestinal tuberculosis. Women with tuberculosis must pay attention to the presence of genital tuberculosis, and once found, should be actively treated to minimize the impact on fertility.