Liver is the most common site of metastasis for upper-segment cholangiocarcinoma, and half of the liver is removed for cholangiocarcinoma in order to be able to radically remove the cholangiocarcinoma and possible metastasis. For middle and lower cholangiocarcinoma, liver resection is usually not needed. Upper bile duct cancer is common in cholangiocarcinoma and most commonly metastasized to liver. Since the effect of cholangiocarcinoma on radiotherapy and chemotherapy is not exact, radical resection should be tried as much as possible during surgery. According to the extent of invasion of cholangiocarcinoma, early stage cholangiocarcinoma can usually be treated by resection of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts, followed by biliary tract reconstruction, while other upper-segment cholangiocarcinomas should be treated by lobectomy of different ranges according to the extent of invasion of the tumor. The specific surgical scope of cholangiocarcinoma should be decided according to the specific conditions of patients. It is suggested that once diagnosed, patients should be treated as early as possible and choose the best surgical method according to the doctor’s advice in order to achieve the best prognosis.