Microcytic anemia, refers to anemia in which the average volume of red blood cells is lower than normal. In the clinic, there are two common diseases of microcytic anemia: first, iron deficiency anemia; second, thalassemia. Iron deficiency anemia, the first can be given to supplement iron treatment, commonly used iron supplement drugs are ferrous sulfate, dextrose iron, etc.. If the patient can not tolerate oral iron or the absorption rate is very low, it can also be treated by intravenous iron supplementation with iron sucrose. At the same time of iron supplementation, it is also necessary to eat more iron-rich food, and usually do not drink tea, so as not to affect the absorption of iron. For thalassemia, which is a kind of hereditary anemia, mild thalassemia does not need special treatment; for moderate thalassemia, intermittent transfusion treatment is needed to keep the hemoglobin greater than 100g/L; for severe thalassemia, frequent transfusion treatment is needed to keep the patient’s hemoglobin able to tolerate the basic life, but need to be treated with regular iron removal.