The cervix is the natural barrier of the uterus, once this defense mechanism is damaged, the uterus will be easily attacked by diseases. The cervix itself is a fragile part of the uterus, the mucous membrane epithelium of the cervical canal is a single layer of columnar epithelial cells, which is less resistant to infection, coupled with more folds of the cervical canal, once infected, it is difficult to remove. Therefore, as long as we have a detailed understanding of this part of the cervix for the susceptibility of the disease and its symptoms are what, you can achieve to improve the ability to self-diagnosis, early detection, early treatment, to prevent the development of the disease. First, acute cervicitis Cervicitis is a common gynecological disease, including acute cervicitis and chronic cervicitis. Acute cervicitis is mostly asymptomatic, some patients show an increase in leukorrhea, viscous or purulent liquid, which stimulates the vulva, itching, burning and other discomfort. Sometimes it is accompanied or interspersed with blood. The main cause of acute cervicitis is prolonged chronic mechanical stimulation, such as frequent sexual intercourse, habitual abortion; direct infection by pus-filled bacteria; or prolonged use of high concentration acidic or alkaline lotion. Second, chronic cervicitis Most asymptomatic, occurring after acute cervicitis, or due to childbirth, abortion or surgical damage to the cervix after the invasion of pathogens such as staphylococcus, streptococcus, Escherichia coli can induce infection. Lumbosacral pain, lower abdominal cramps and dysmenorrhea can occur when the inflammation spreads to the pelvis. The pathological changes of this disease are cervical hypertrophy, cervical polyps, cervical gland cysts. 1, cervical polyps due to long-term chronic inflammatory stimulation, so that the local cervical mucosal hyperplasia, hyperplasia of the mucosa will gradually protrude in the mouth of the cervix, and then form polyps. Polyps such as soybean to broad bean size ranging from one or more, red, smooth surface, tongue-shaped, soft and brittle texture, easy to touch bleeding. 2, cervical hypertrophy is also triggered by long-term chronic inflammation, cervical congestion, edema, mesenchymal and glandular hyperplasia, will make the cervix appear different degrees of hypertrophy. Simple cervical hypertrophy does not cause infertility and does not require treatment. However, when the condition is serious, it will trigger tubo-ovarianitis, endometritis, tubal adhesion and obstruction, resulting in infertility, at this time should be timely medical treatment. 3, cervical gland cyst There are many glands on the mucous membrane of the cervical canal, which can secrete mucus and are the components of leukorrhea. When inflammation occurs in the cervix, the mouth of the gland is blocked, the secretion can not be excluded, stagnation of the cervical gland cysts. The performance of the cervix surface protrudes more than one size of greenish-white vesicles, containing mucus, small rice grains, large corn grains, protruding from the surface of the cervix. Cervical cancer is one of the most serious cervical diseases. The incidence rate is second only to breast cancer, accounting for 15% of the new cases of women’s cancer. Cervical cancer is the main disease that jeopardizes women’s health and life in China, and we know that Anita Mui and Li Yuanyuan died of this disease. It has been proven that high risk HPV infection is the main risk factor for cervical cancer, and more than 90% of cervical cancers are directly related to high risk HPV infection. Since cervical cancer develops slowly, from precancerous lesions to cancer, it takes 5 to 10 years or even longer, and the cause of the disease is clear, so as long as you do regular screening for HPV and get rid of the high-risk HPV virus as early as possible, you can completely nip the cancer in the bud.