Excision of lesions for surgical treatment

Complete surgical excision of the lesion is the most reliable means of eradicating AVM. After removal of the lesion, the pathological basis for the occurrence of AVM is removed and recurrence of the lesion can be effectively avoided. The greatest risks of surgical excision of AVM are excessive bleeding, cosmetic damage and functional impairment. Therefore, it is the surgeon’s goal to treat AVMs by safely performing surgery, removing the lesion as completely as possible, and performing appropriate repair and reconstruction to restore appearance and function.  The indications for surgical treatment include: 1. The lesion is relatively limited in extent, and the surgery is able to remove the lesion basically completely.  2. The lesion will not cause disfiguring cosmetic defects, organ defects and functional damage after excision.  3. The wound can be repaired by flap or implant after surgical excision of the lesion.  4.The trophic artery of AVM can be embolized by intervention before surgery, or ligated or excised during surgery to control intraoperative bleeding and ensure surgical safety.  Based on the results of physical examination, CTA or DSA, a multidisciplinary evaluation is performed to develop a surgical treatment plan. There are two types of bright surgery: radical surgery and conservative surgery. Radical surgery refers to complete or near-complete removal of the lesion, which is the goal to be achieved by surgical treatment for most patients. Conservative surgery refers to partial excision of the lesion to improve appearance, avoid fatal complications such as hemorrhage, and slow the progression of the disease, which should be used in certain patients who are so severe that radical surgery is not possible or where surgery would severely disrupt cosmetic impairment of function.  Although surgery is the best method for radical treatment of AVMs, not all arteriovenous malformations are amenable to surgery. In very extensive, extremely dangerous head and neck AVMs involving multiple sites and organs, the uncontrollable intraoperative bleeding, the difficulty of postoperative wound repair, and the catastrophic consequences of removing multiple organs are all issues that surgeons have to consider carefully. For such arteriovenous malformations, very careful, multiple-repeatable interventional embolization therapy is the only option.  Here is a case of 1 frontal AVM that we treated surgically.