Valvuloplasty involves different repair methods for all different heart valve pathologies, including partial leaflet resection and repair, valve or tendon adhesions separation, tendon shortening or transplantation, prosthetic annulus reduction and orthopedic treatment of annular deformities, and so on, which is also known as “comprehensive valvuloplasty”. The purpose of valvuloplasty is not only to restore the anatomical shape of the heart valve or annulus, but more importantly to improve and restore the normal function of the valve and the heart so that the heart can function normally and healthily. Ultrasound technology is very precise and sensitive in examining heart valve function, and intraoperative transesophageal ultrasound technology provides technical support for the development of valvuloplasty, which has led to the continuous improvement of valvuloplasty technology. Director Feng introduced the following four types of valvuloplasty procedures: Valvuloplasty I: mitral valvuloplasty. The sleeve-like valve structure of the mitral valve provides a good anatomic basis for mitral valvuloplasty, and according to statistics, 69% of simple mitral valve insufficiency can be performed with valvuloplasty. Mitral valve insufficiency mainly includes: congenital mitral valve insufficiency, rheumatic mitral valve insufficiency not accompanied by severe calcified contracture of the valve leaflets, ischemic mitral valve insufficiency, and degenerative mitral valve insufficiency. Indications and contraindications for mitral valvuloplasty: Valvuloplasty should be considered first for lesions without calcification, primarily based on the lesion and not on etiology, patient status, or age. Preoperative examination or intraoperative exploration reveals significant calcification and sclerosis of the valve, extensive subvalvular adhesions, shortened and fused tendons, or damage to more than 1/4 of the valve leaflets should be considered as contraindications to valvuloplasty; patients with combined aortic lesions requiring aortic valve replacement and mitral valve treatment should be treated with caution; patients with severe impairment of left ventricular function and difficulty tolerating prolonged ischemia should undergo valve replacement surgery in a timely manner. Valvuloplasty procedure II: tricuspid valvuloplasty. The tricuspid valve is the atrioventricular valve of the right heart low pressure system and is well tolerated for closure insufficiency. Tricuspid valve closure insufficiency mainly includes: tricuspid valve closure secondary to mitral valve pathology and aortic pathology, tricuspid valve downshift malformation (Ebstein malformation), congenital tricuspid stenosis or closure insufficiency, and tricuspid valve closure insufficiency secondary to congenital heart disease. In cases of simple annular enlargement with little regurgitant flow, the DeVega method of annular suture reduction in valvuloplasty can be used. For those with highly enlarged tricuspid annulus, high tricuspid regurgitation, or severe pulmonary hypertension, Carpentier ring or Duran prosthetic annuloplasty is recommended for good long-term results and stable valve function. Tricuspid inferior valve malformation (Ebstein malformation) is a complex congenital heart disease. The anatomical correction of tricuspid valve subluxation (Ebstein malformation) used in our hospital treats all types of severe tricuspid valve subluxation malformation with remarkable surgical results, and patients recover well from the treatment and are able to live and study normally. Valvuloplasty procedure III: pulmonary valvuloplasty. In complex precordial disease combined with pulmonary valve stenosis, outflow tract transannular patch, can be used with leaflets with the same kind of vascular piece, or preparation of pericardial valve piece for pulmonary valvuloplasty, conducive to the recovery of cardiac function; combined with pulmonary valve junction adhesions, can be performed junctional dissection; and pulmonary valve annulus enlargement caused by incomplete closure, can be performed annular annuloplasty. Our department uses the above methods to treat patients with complex precordial disease combined with pulmonary valve insufficiency in many cases, with remarkable results. Valvuloplasty procedure IV: aortic valvuloplasty. Acquired aortic valve lesions are also most common in rheumatic cases and often coexist with mitral valve lesions, followed by age-related degenerative changes and infective endocarditis. Aortic valve insufficiency can be caused by enlargement of the annulus, leaflet thickening, deformation, and restriction of motion. Acute traumatic insufficiency has a higher chance of forming, while rheumatic aortic insufficiency should be decided on a lesion-by-lesion basis. All of the above lesions can be treated with aortic valvuloplasty as part of the valvuloplasty procedure. The main methods of aortic valvuloplasty are aortic annulus narrowing, leaflet prolapse partial resection suturing, junctional dissection, and fibrous block resection of the valve edge.