ERCP technology and characteristics ERCP is the initials of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography (ERCP), which is a technique of retrograde pancreaticobiliary duct diagnosis by injecting contrast agent through the duodenal papilla under the duodenoscope, and is recognized as the gold standard for diagnosing ERCP is the gold standard for the diagnosis of pancreaticobiliary duct disease. Currently, ERCP has evolved from a diagnostic method to almost a specialized therapeutic tool. On the basis of ERCP, interventions such as duodenal papillary sphincterotomy (EST), endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) and endoscopic internal biliary drainage (ERBD) can be performed, which are widely used to treat biliary and pancreatic diseases instead of surgical procedures and are popular among patients because they do not require incision, are less invasive and have a much shorter hospital stay. ERCP is characterized by the treatment of biliary and pancreatic diseases without surgery. It requires only sedation and general anesthesia without intubation, and the patient can move around after treatment; it does not require open surgery, but the efficacy is better than open surgery, and even the residual stones from surgery can be removed by ERCP; it is less invasive and less risky, especially for the treatment of elderly biliary patients; and because of the convenience and safety of the operation, the patient can be treated repeatedly, without being affected by multiple surgical abdominal adhesions. At present, more than 90% of biliary and pancreatic diseases can be cured by ERCP, thus avoiding surgery. The indications for ERCP include: 1. primary extrahepatic bile duct stones; 2. residual stones and recurrent stones after biliary surgery; 3. obstructive jaundice. Biliary and pancreatic tumors have good palliative effect of reducing jaundice through ERCP placement of stent; 4, biliary pancreatitis, ERCP can relieve the cause of pancreatitis and improve the cure rate of biliary pancreatitis; 5, acute suppurative cholangitis; 6, biliary ascariasis; 7, sphincter of Oddi stenosis; 8, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic duct stones; 9, biliopancreatic duct fistula and stenosis.