Room dust is an important trigger for asthma. There are many different triggers for the main asthma, which are generally difficult to determine, but in general, they can be divided into two aspects: endogenous factors including genetic, psychological and physiological factors, which are the basis for triggering asthma, and exogenous factors including allergens, harmful gases, infections, food, specific odors, etc., which are the conditions for triggering asthma. They are briefly described as follows.
1.Environmental factors
To enter the airways through human breathing and produce allergic reactions and cause allergic inflammation of the airways. Room dust contains a variety of allergenic substances, such as dust mites, pollen, animal fur, human epithelial debris, plant fibers, mold and bacterial metabolites, food residues, etc.
1) Dust mite: It is the main allergen in room dust. Investigation found that more than 70% of children’s asthma is caused by dust mites, and more than 80% of asthmatic children and adolescents have a strong positive reaction to dust mite skin test. Early childhood is the main period of dust mite sensitization. Dust mites use the dander shed by human body as the main food source, and the temperature, humidity, and food source of the bed are most suitable for the growth of house dust mites, so the bed dust contains more house dust mites, which is an important reason why dust mite allergic asthma is prone to attack at night.
2) Fur and fiber: animal fur, poultry feathers, insect residue or debris, cotton fiber, fluffy toys, wool carpets, etc., also tend to induce airway allergic inflammation and cause asthma attacks. The antigenic nature of dander is the strongest among these antigens. In addition, it has been found that cockroaches can also induce small boats.
3) Pollen: Pollen has obvious seasonality, mainly determined by the species of plants, and can be divided into spring pollen, summer pollen and winter pollen.
4)Mold: mold allergy has a certain seasonality, generally with the peak of the onset of June to September, but the air can have perennial drift of mold and its metabolites, so mold allergy-induced asthma is mostly perennial attacks or seasonal aggravation of perennial attacks.
5) Infections: viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma and other infections can induce small boats, where viral infections are the main factor causing allergic inflammation of the airways and inducing asthma attacks. Bacterial infections cause asthma is not as important as viruses.
6) Harmful gases and odors: there are many toxic and harmful gases and odors in daily life, and smoke is the most common one/especially smoking is the most serious. In winter, the doors are closed and smoke should not be dispersed is one of the triggers of asthma attacks in winter.
2.Drug factors
There are many medications that cause asthma, commonly used drugs such as aspirin, insulin, anti-inflammatory pain, penicillin, sulfonamides, various protein preparations, serum preparations and certain aerosols.
There are 2 types of asthma caused by drugs. One is allergic to the drug, which is due to the patient’s physical factors on the drug intolerance or atopic reaction; the other is the reaction of the drug, the effect of the drug can also occur in normal people, but in asthma patients when applied, may aggravate the asthma attack.
3.Food factors
There are many factors that cause asthma by food, mainly due to allergy to food. Food includes a variety of seafood, river food, such as fish, shrimp, scallops, sea fish, river fish, etc.; animal protein, such as eggs, milk, pork, mutton, beef, etc.; vegetable protein, such as soy products, sesame, peanuts, flour, etc.. A diet that is too sweet or too salty can trigger asthma attacks, and even chocolate, cold drinks, and tomatoes can also trigger asthma. Food allergy-induced asthma is generally not lifelong and the chance of its onset decreases with age.
It is also important to note that sometimes food factors trigger asthma attacks not by the food itself, but by additives and preservatives in the food.
4.Exercise factors
All kinds of exercise can trigger asthma to different degrees, especially in cold and dry air, the colder the air inhaled, the greater the possibility of triggering exercise asthma. Exercise induced asthma is relatively rare in areas with high humidity. Running exercises are more likely to trigger asthma than swimming. Most patients with sports asthma can have their symptoms relieved after an hour or so of rest, but the symptoms can also worsen with the increase in exercise.
5, mental factors
Asthma is a chronic disease, the pain of the disease, the economic burden, the cost of the manager will bring mental pressure to the family and the patient, easy to produce fear, depression, tension, boredom, anger and other mental factors, resulting in the attack or aggravation of asthma. For example, children may force themselves to have an asthma attack to blackmail their parents in order to achieve certain goals; most psychogenic induced asthma is combined with other factors.
In addition, adverse stimuli in the family and social environment, such as family discord, parental divorce, economic difficulties, poor diet and hygiene habits, smoking families, can also trigger or aggravate asthma attacks.
6.Hereditary factors
The prevalence of allergic asthma, infantile eczema, allergic rhinitis and other general groups among the relatives of asthma patients is high, especially in the relatives of class I.