Long-term lack of iodine in food can cause goiter. The thyroid gland needs a lot of iodine as raw material to synthesize thyroid hormones, and when there is a great lack of iodine in food, the thyroid gland can maintain the secretion of thyroid hormones at the normal level through the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of its own tissues, which can lead to simple goiter, and there will be hypothyroidism, and severe hypothyroidism in childhood will affect the intellectual development of children. Severe hypothyroidism in childhood can affect a child’s intellectual development, and a markedly enlarged thyroid gland can lead to respiratory distress due to compression symptoms. It is important to ensure iodine intake, through the urine iodine test can initially determine the state of iodine deficiency, in the state of iodine deficiency can be appropriate to eat some high iodine-containing foods, such as kelp, seaweed, and so on, and add iodized salt in the food.