We often encounter a variety of “accidents” in our lives, but there are “accidents” and how we should respond to it? I think we should not know much about these knowledge, I have collected some of the “life-saving” knowledge of the accident, you must take your time to read through.
Sunburn
When you go out in the summer, you should do a good job of protection, such as applying sunscreen, umbrella, etc.. When the skin is red and red, swollen and painful, you can use a cold towel on the affected area, and apply some moisturizing cream appropriately. If you have a blister on your skin, don’t pick it out and ask your doctor to handle it to avoid secondary infection.
Bee stings
When you are out on a field trip and get stung by a bee, you should carefully pull out the residual stinger, gently squeeze the wound, squeeze out the venom, and apply a little ammonia or soda. If you are stung by a wasp, you should apply acetic acid water to neutralize the venom. Local cold compresses can reduce the swelling and pain. If you have an abnormal reaction such as nausea and dizziness, you should go to the hospital immediately.
Calf cramps while swimming
When calf cramps occur in the water, you should immediately go ashore, sit down with straight legs, grab the big toe with your hands and pull it backwards, and massage the calf muscles. If you can not immediately go to shore, you should remain calm, hold your breath and do the above actions in the water.
Accidentally chewed the thermometer and swallowed the mercury
When the mercury in the thermometer is accidentally swallowed, the mercury will combine with enzymes and proteins containing sulfhydryl groups in the body, affecting their activity and leading to heavy metal poisoning. Although the amount of mercury in the thermometer is small, it can also cause stomatitis and acute gastroenteritis after taking it, which manifests as oral erosion and ulcers, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Drinking some egg white or milk after gargling can not only remove the residual mercury in the mouth, but also make the protein in the egg white or milk combine with the swallowed mercury, which can protect the gastric mucosa and reduce the absorption of mercury.
Bleeding from trauma
1.Smaller or more superficial wounds should first be rinsed with cold boiling water or clean tap water, but do not remove the clotted blood.
2, the wound with a glass piece, knife and other foreign objects inserted, do not touch, pressure and pull out, can be squeezed together on both sides of the wound edge, with sterile gauze, bandages, immediately go to the hospital to deal with.
3, collision, blow injury, with subcutaneous bleeding, swelling and pain, you can cover the injury with sterile gauze or clean towels, cold compresses with ice packs for half an hour, and then pressure bandages to reduce pain and swelling. Serious injuries, should go to the hospital.
4, the wound has bleeding, available clean towel or sterilized gauze to cover the wound, compression for 10 to 20 minutes to stop bleeding, and then bandage with pressure bandage, to no longer bleeding, depending on the situation to the hospital.
Knife cut
1, such as the wound is not large, bleeding is not much, the wound is also clean, the wounded finger can still be flexion activities, available medical iodine disinfection of the wound and its surrounding skin, to dry, and then covered with sterile gauze or band-aid bandage wound.
2, if the wound is large and deep, should be compressed to stop bleeding, while immediately go to the hospital for treatment.
3.If the finger is unfortunately cut off, the injured finger should be lifted up immediately, and then use clean gauze to pressure bandage the wound directly to stop the bleeding. If the blood is still flowing out, you can also tightly wrap a tourniquet around the root of the finger (available instead of the usual clean rope) to stop the bleeding, and the broken finger wrapped in sterile fabric and placed in a clean plastic bag. Unless the contamination of the broken finger is particularly serious, generally do not rinse it yourself or soak the broken finger with any liquid, and go to the hospital immediately for treatment.
Nosebleed
Tilting your head when you have a nosebleed will not stop the nosebleed, but will cause it to be inhaled into your mouth and respiratory tract. The correct approach is to pinch both sides of the nose with your fingers for 4 to 8 minutes, or fill the nasal cavity with cotton balls soaked in ice water to stop the bleeding by pressure. If these methods still do not stop the bleeding, you should go to the hospital immediately.
Intoxication
If you are mildly intoxicated, you may drink strong tea as a diuretic to speed up the excretion of alcohol. For severe intoxication, drink vinegar and press the tongue with fingers to reduce the absorption of alcohol. If the above treatment is not effective, the patient should be sent to the hospital for treatment.
Heatstroke
Mild to moderate heatstroke should be quickly transferred to a cool, ventilated place to rest, take off or undress, and wipe the body with a cold towel to quickly reduce body temperature. You can let the heatstroke victim drink some cool salt water, cool salt-containing drinks. If the patient becomes confused and convulses, he/she should be sent to hospital immediately.
Burns
Once a burn occurs, you should immediately flush with cold water or apply a cold compress to the burned area for about 15 minutes to relieve pain and reduce the degree of burn. Do not apply medicine to the wound without permission, and do not treat the wound by applying soy sauce, vegetable oil and other native methods. If there is a blister on the burn, do not pick it, cover it with clean gauze and go to the hospital.
Fracture
After the fracture is determined, the injured limb (finger) must be fixed and then sent to the hospital, otherwise the fracture end of the abnormal activity, will aggravate the injury. A wooden board, stick, branch, bamboo pole, magazine, etc. can be used as a temporary splint for fixation according to local conditions. If these materials are not available, the upper limb can be fixed to the trunk and the lower limb to the opposite healthy limb.
Pneumothorax
Some people, especially elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, experience pneumothorax after coughing hard, exercising vigorously or laughing, with chest pain that intensifies with deep inspiration and radiates to the back of the shoulder, and in severe cases, emergencies such as difficulty breathing and a drop in blood pressure. In this case, it is forbidden to pat the back and move the patient to avoid aggravating the pneumothorax. The patient should be put in a semi-recumbent position, and if oxygen is available at home, oxygen should be administered immediately, and an ambulance should be called.
Seizures
Before the ambulance arrives, the patient’s head can be turned sideways to prevent choking on the vomit. Subsequently, find a metal spoon or toothbrush or something not easily chewed and stuff it between his upper and lower teeth to prevent tongue bite. For adults, it is best to wrap a towel or handkerchief around something hard to avoid biting off teeth.
Cat and dog bites
Some people are scratched and bitten by animals, leaving only tooth marks or claw marks on the body, thinking that no wounds do not need to deal with, this approach is actually very dangerous. This is actually a very dangerous practice. Because the teeth marks or claw marks may cause skin damage that is invisible to the naked eye, rabies virus may also invade from the wound.
Vaccination should be given early and in sufficient quantity. Patients must receive an intramuscular injection of the vaccine on the day of the bite, and on days 3, 7, 14, and 30 after the bite. It must be injected in the deltoid muscle of the upper arm or the inner thigh, not in the buttocks, as this may affect the effectiveness of the vaccine. Ten days after the full course of injections, venous blood should be taken for antibody testing. If the antibody titer reaches or exceeds the standard of 3 units/ml, it means that the immunization effect is obtained. If it is lower than the standard, the number of vaccination shots should be increased appropriately to ensure that the disease prevention effect is achieved.
Misuse of rodenticide
Rodenticide has different toxic components, and the clinical manifestations after accidental ingestion vary, such as stomach upset, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, etc. Serious coma can occur. Drinking water dilution, vomiting and other methods are not effective, send to the hospital emergency gastric lavage or symptomatic treatment is the best policy.
Ankle sprain
After ankle sprain, do not continue to walk or rub or turn the injured joint to avoid further injury. Apply cold towels or ice immediately to reduce swelling, relieve pain and relieve muscle spasm. 24 hours later, apply heat instead. If internal bleeding is suspected, it is best to use an elastic bandage with pressure, but not too tight, so as not to hinder the blood circulation below the bandage site. If a fracture is suspected, it is best to fix the injured ankle joint with a splint or a nearby wooden stick and go to the hospital as soon as possible.
Respiratory arrest (artificial respiration)
First, let the injured patient lie on his or her back and tilt his or her head back to ensure that the airway is open. If there are blood clots, vomit, dentures and other foreign objects in his or her mouth, remove them as soon as possible. Then make artificial respiration: the rescuer first breathes deeply, then pinches the patient’s nose, mouth to mouth like blowing a balloon for its air, pay attention not to leak air. Blow every 5 seconds, repeatedly. When the mouth cannot be opened or the mouth has serious trauma, the air can be sent from the nostrils for artificial respiration.
Cardiac arrest (chest compressions)
First, let the patient lie on a hard bed or a flat floor, undo his shirt, and place the palm root of one hand on the lower third of his sternum, and press the other hand overlapping on the back of the hand. The rescuer keeps both arms vertical and presses down continuously with the weight of the upper body, with a frequency of about 70 times per minute. When pressing, the force should be moderate, so that each press makes the sternum sink 3 to 5 cm. Note that the palm of the hand should not be separated from the compression site at all times.
Heartbeat and respiration are absent (CPR)
After breathing and heartbeat stop, the brain will soon become hypoxic and half of the brain cells will be damaged within 4 minutes. If CPR is performed more than 5 minutes later, only 1/4 of the people may be saved.
When performing CPR, first use your fist to tap rhythmically and forcefully on the heart area on the inside of the left nipple of the patient’s forehead 2 to 3 times, lifting your fist 20 to 30 cm from the chest to master the force of the tap. If the pulse still does not return, four consecutive mouth-to-mouth artificial respirations should be done immediately, followed by chest compressions. When one person performs CPR, every 15 cardiac compressions, then do artificial respiration. When two people cooperate in CPR, first do 4 consecutive artificial respirations, then one person does 5 consecutive cardiac compressions and then stops, and the other person does one artificial respiration.
Gas poisoning
When a gas leak is detected, the correct approach is to immediately turn off the gas and open a window for ventilation. The person should take a full breath before entering the room overflowing with gas, and then cover the mouth and nose with a wet towel or handkerchief to prevent himself from being poisoned. rz520.comDo not turn on the lights, ring the electric bell, make a phone call or use a lighter or matches before the gas has dissipated, so as not to trigger an explosion. Then, move the poisoned person to a ventilated place and loosen the collar and trouser belt of the poisoned person. Observe the person’s consciousness, heartbeat and breathing. If there is no heartbeat and respiration, immediately perform artificial respiration and chest compressions; if there is still heartbeat and respiration, call the emergency number immediately and send the person to hospital for hyperbaric oxygen treatment to avoid leaving sequelae.
Drowning
When rescuing a drowning person, you must use a life ring, ball or board, etc. In addition to full-time lifeguards, even if you can swim, do not approach the drowning person with your bare hands. After the drowning person is rescued, the breathing and heartbeat should be checked immediately. If the breathing stops, artificial respiration should be done immediately, first mouth-to-mouth continuous blowing into 4 mouthfuls of air, within 5 seconds to observe whether the recovery of autonomous breathing, such as no response, should continue to do artificial respiration, until the recovery of autonomous breathing. If the drowning person’s breathing and heartbeat are completely absent, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be implemented immediately. If the drowning person drinks a lot of water, when he or she is conscious, hold his or her knee against his or her back, hold his or her upper abdomen with one hand, and open his or her mouth with the other hand to let him or her spit out water, or the rescuer kneels on one leg and lets the drowning person lie face down on his or her knee to spit out water.
Foreign body in the airway (hand pinching the throat, embarrassed face, fear, etc. are typical symptoms of foreign body in the airway)
Self-rescue.
1.Cough hard method. First take a breath, and then cough with enough force, sometimes you can cough out the foreign body from the airway.
2, abdominal hand fist impact method. The prominent point of the right thumb joint against the upper abdomen, equivalent to the midline between the saber and umbilicus, the left hand clutching the right hand, and then force inward for 4 to 6 times a row of rapid impact.
Mutual rescue.
The rescuer stands in the patient’s lateral posterior position, places one hand on the patient’s chest, and aligns the root of the palm of the other hand on the spine of the patient’s scapular region, and gives 4 to 6 consecutive sharp taps with force.
First aid for infants and children.
Let the child ride across and lie prone on the forearm of the first-aider, with the head lower than the torso, and place his or her arm on his or her thigh, and tap the scapular area of the child 4 to 6 times with the root of the palm of the other hand.
Cervical spine injury
If there is a suspected cervical spine injury, the casualty should be carried flat to the stretcher, traction, fixing his head, and on the neck brace. If a neck brace is not available, a sandbag or clothing should be placed on each side of the casualty’s neck to prevent the head from twisting or flexing to aggravate the cervical spine injury.
Spinal fracture
Three to four people should hold the head, shoulders, hips and lower extremities of the casualty on the same side at the same time, hold the casualty up flat, lie flat on the board and fix it with bandages. The casualty is best to take the prone position, and put a soft pillow in the chest and abdomen. It is strictly forbidden to use the “head and feet” lifting and carrying way to move or carry the injured person, also forbidden to carry the ordinary soft stretcher.
Head injury
If the casualty is seriously injured, has been unconscious, rescuers should immediately remove the vomit and blood clots in the mouth, turn his head to the side, pull out the tongue to prevent asphyxiation. When blood flows along the nose and ear canal, do not block it with cotton balls, gauze or other objects.
It should be reminded that sometimes, when a person falls accidentally and lands on the occipital area, it appears that there is no local skin damage, but a fracture has occurred at the base of the skull. After the fracture of the skull base occurs, the injured person will soon have serious symptoms such as difficulty in breathing, nausea and vomiting, and coma due to intracranial bleeding. Therefore, when the head is hit, with nausea, vomiting, ear and nose cavity bleeding, you should immediately seek medical attention.
Electrocution
When someone is found to be electrocuted, it is imperative to find the electric switch and cut off the power supply as soon as possible. If you can’t find the power supply, you can find something insulated nearby, such as a wooden stick or plastic pipe, pick open the contact between the electrocution and the power supply, and then check the reaction of the electrocution. If the person is found to have no heartbeat and breathing, he or she should be immediately put into place for artificial respiration and chest compressions, and have someone else call the emergency number.
In addition, when an accident occurs, if there are no medical first aid items around, you will miss a good opportunity for first aid. In fact, as long as you open your mind, you can completely adapt to local conditions. Here to teach you a few tricks, when the time may be worth a try.
1.Long socks: can be used as bandages in emergency treatment.
2, tie: in the case of fractures, can be fixed splint or as a tourniquet.
3, clean bath towel: can be used as a triangular towel or thick dressing.
4, handkerchiefs, hand towels: fully ironed with an iron or disinfected in a microwave oven on high heat when wet, can be used as a disinfectant dressing.
5.Magazine, ruler, thick wrapping paper, umbrella, cane: can be used as splint in case of fracture.
6, cling film: remove the surface a few turns, can be covered directly on the broken wound, play a temporary protective role, cling bags can also play a similar role.
So many methods of first aid is really rare Oh, do not see do not know it, first aid is also very learned yo, is not worth you to collect it, in order to be useful in the future Oh. Hey!