Whether low rectal cancer can be treated with anus-preserving surgery or not needs to be determined according to the distance of the lower edge of the tumor from the anus and the invasion of the tumor. If the distance from the lower edge of tumor to the anus of low rectal cancer is more than 3~4 cm, and the tumor is not big and has not invaded the surrounding tissues, anal preservation surgery can be performed. If the distance of the lower edge of the tumor from the anus is not 3 cm, the depth of tumor infiltration of the intestinal wall is located in the mucosa or submucosa, and the tumor is highly differentiated, anal preservation surgery can also be performed. If the distance between the lower edge of the tumor and the anus is less than 3 cm, or the tumor has already invaded the muscle layer of the intestinal wall, the patient can undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy first, and then re-evaluate the tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and if the tumor shrinks and reaches the condition of anus-protecting treatment, then anus-protecting surgical treatment can be performed. Patients with low rectal cancer should go to the hospital in time and choose the suitable surgical plan under the doctor’s guidance.